Healthcare Management Final

**Keywords describing the current healthcare environment**

aging population, chronic conditions, living longer, more specialized care, more specialized practices, concern over quality and costs, and concern with access

**Keywords for reasons health care organizations are restructuring**

Improved efficiency, controlling costs, and access to new market areas

Merger

when two or more corporate entities blend to create a new organization

**Special and unique aspects of the healthcare reimbursement structure:**

Prospective Payment System (PPS)

3rd Party Payers (insurance)

Moving to value-based care reimbursement model

__**_____, _____, _____,**__ **and** __**_____**__ **are all key to the typical management function.**

Planning, Organizing, Directing, and Controlling

**An individual who originates or champions needed changes and provides the leadership necessary to ensure acceptance of change and the motivation of staff to successfully implement change**

change agent

**Guidelines for effective management of change:**

Plan, Communicate, Convince, Involve, and Monitor

**What are some common options managers may use when addressing resistance with employees?**

Tell them, convince them, involve them

**The organizational survival strategy where the organization seeks to expand its client base**

Bureaucratic imperialism

**The management theory with the emphasis on workflow, continuous improvement, cost containment, and the worker were secondary** 

Scientific Management Theory

**The organization classification that focuses on who benefits from the existence of the organization**

Prime Beneficiary

**The network of relationships and interrelationships that includes all parties who are either directly or indirectly served by the organization or to some extent, vested in the organization’s mission and purpose**  

Clientele Network

**What is influence?**

The capacity to produce effects on others or to obtain voluntary compliance 

**The act of granting authority, on some level, to an employee**

delegation

**The single characteristic or condition that describes a successful leader**

Acceptance of the followers

**Leadership style where the manager involves the employee in decision making**

Participative leadership style

True/False: Regulation of the healthcare industry does NOT exist principally in the form of self regulation

True

**The process of deciding in the present what to do to bring about an outcome in the future** 

Planning

**Guides to thought and action; they spell out what is required, prohibited, or suggested as the course of action. They pre-decide issues and limit actions so that actions are consistent.**

Policies

**The type of decision which challenges the basic nature of the organization and can have far reaching effect**

Root decision

**A decision tool that is often used with groups and to help overcome personal preference; choices available are compared using a table or matrix-factors are assigned a weight**

Factor analysis matrix

**A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result** 

Project

**The project phase where the project formulation begins, the feasibility of the project is investigated and the approval for the project is sought**

Initiating Phase

**The project phase where the actual implementation steps take place**

Executing Phase

**The project phase that is primarily the project management function and where the schedule, cost, performance, and risks are monitored**

Controlling Phase

**The process of grouping the necessary responsibilities and activities into workable units, determining the lines of authority and communication, and developing patterns of coordination**

Organizing

**The practice of having an employee report to two different managers**

Split reporting

**The process of having certain services that could be provided internally performed by agencies external to the organization**

Outsourcing

**The management tool used to depict organizational relationships** 

Organizational chart

**A formal group with defined purposes and relationships within an organization**

Committee

**A type of committee created for the express purpose of dealing with one issues and disbanding when that issue is resolved**

Ad hoc committee

**Serve as a permanent factual record of committee proceedings**

Meeting minutes

**A committee that functions in making decisions or in giving routine orders**

Line Committee (the Plural Executive)

**Likely to be the most cost-effective payment option for maintenance of equipment that is new and still under warranty**

Fee for service plan

**The process where the budget of a given timeframe is examined, giving special attention to the difference between what was budgeted and what was spent**

Review of budget variance

**The standard classification of expenditures and other budget transactions** 

Uniform code of accounts

**The approach to budgeting in which the financial database of the immediate past year is increased by some given percentage for the coming year**

Incremental budgeting

**Federal legislation that makes it illegal for physicians to refer Medicare or Medicaid patients to other providers in which they hold a financial interest**

Stark Law

**The training method in which an employee is given job assignments in a variety of work assignments in planned in sequence**

Job rotation approach

**This type of standard is the training objective that delineates the overall goal that a trainee is trying to achieve** 

Performance standard

**Failure to adequately train any employee is likely to contribute to _____.**

short-term turnover

**A method of inquiry that focuses on positive aspects of staff and work group behavior** 

Appreciative inquiry

**This component of the conflict model establishes a set of “rules” or context in which conflict can occur**

Provision of an arena

**Focuses on improper behavior and should not be the primary means of ensuring employee compliance** 

Negative sanctions

Helping a new staff member identify with the organization is often as simple as providing these kind of tangible items

**coffee mugs, t-shirts, caps, or other merchandise with the organization’s logo**

**The exchange of ideas, thoughts, or emotions between or among two or more people** 

Communication

The strongest means or form of communication is **___.**

face-to-face communication

4 components of communication:

initiation, transmission, reception, feedback

**Nonverbal communication:**

body language (nodding, hand gestures, facial expressions, physical distance, and posture)

**Four Areas of SWOT Analysis:**

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

**A detailed summary of the organization’s effort throughout the fiscal year; may be published on an organization’s website** 

Annual Report

**The foundational document used to detail the purpose of the business, its product or service, its clients, and its revenue** 

Business plan

What is the purpose of a due diligence review and report?

An intense review of legal and financial matters intended to prevent undue harm to either party considering involvement in an arrangement

**A control tool that can be used to show the relationship between two variables**

Scattergram/scatter plot

**Used to depict chronological flow of a procedure, process, or other work** 

Flowchart

**Using a professional association’s initiative in quality control programs is an example of**

External benchmarking

**An approach to total quality management that relies heavily on statistics** 

Six Sigma

**Other names for the HR department:**

Personnel, Talent Acquisition/Management, Human Capital Management, Employee Services, Employee Affairs, Employee Relations, People Operations, People Systems

What legislation has been identified as having the greatest impact on the workload of the HR department?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

The HR department is typically categorized as a **____** in a healthcare setting

staff function

**The legislation that made it possible for an eligible employee to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave in a 12-month period for certain specified reasons** __**without**__ **the loss of employment**

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993

With a **specialist/professional** it is usually better to provide a leadership style that is more **_____.** 

participative

Maintaining a balanced perspective is essential for a person when they are promoted from a specialist position to a **_____.**

generalist position

The **____** can be a barrier to managerial success and sometimes stems from a tendency to regard one’s own profession as more important than most of the others in the healthcare organization

ego

**In recent years, healthcare organizations have had to shift their focus from a recruitment strategy to this type of strategy**

Retention

True/False: In recent decades, the government and insurers have exerted control over much of the healthcare’s money supply through reimbursement.

True

True/False: The pace of technology in healthcare has slowed considerably in the recent decade.

False

In addition to encouraging acceptance of a necessary change affecting their jobs, the *involvement of employees in changing methods and practices* is valuable because…

it can empower employees with a sense of ownership of the change

The most likely reason for entrenched employee resistance to change is:

Employees lack of knowledge of what is coming; that is, fear of the unknown

True/False: Employee resistance to change is always unexpected and unnatural and should be a surprise for management

False

True/False: Being a change agent is an important part of the role of an effective manager

True

Providing employees with clear, specific orders and commands (__**is/is not)**__ always the most effective means of overcoming resistance and ensuring acceptance of the change

is not

An emphasis on the worker is associated with which management approach

behaviorism

The organizational life cycle phase, which is characterized as highly bureaucratic and very stable, is the _____.

middle age phase

The organizational life cycle phase, which includes continued enthusiasm, idealism, and intensification to become formal is seen in the __**_____.**__

youth phase

HIPAA regulations are classified as __**____**__, in the clientele network model

controller

The AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) guidelines about childhood vaccinations are an example of an __**_____.**__ 

advisor

In the classification of organizations by authority structure, the authority pattern associated with members of a professional association, such as the AMA is_____.

normative

In the systems approach to management practices, the requirements if a state licensure board for healthcare practitioners are classified as ______.__

inputs

The ability to obtain compliance using coercion is termed _____.__

power

The usual style of leadership among professional practitioners is _____.__

employee-centered participative 

Restrictions on the manager's authority:

\-Organizational position

\-Legal and contractual mandates

\-Social limitations

\-Physical limits 

\-Economic constraints

\-Zone of acceptance 

An area established by subordinates which they are willing to accept the same decisions made for them by their superior 

Zone of acceptance or zone of reciprocal influence 

The right to command or expect compliance in an organization is termed _____.__

authority

The capacity to obtain compliance from another w/o relying on formal actions, rules, or force is termed _____.__

influence

Usual sequence in developing plans:

mission, objective, policies, procedures

Critical, non-programmed, root decisions are made by _____.

top level management 

Which is most effective tool for the decision maker who must overcome personal preference to make an impartial decision?

factor analysis matrix 

**_____ or branch decisions; are limited and do not involve reevaluations of mission and goals.** Where objectives and goals are recycled and underlying philosophy remains unchanged; Limited innovation

Incremental decisions

True/False: Top level management usually defers to department heads when the decisions relate to specific areas of technical expertise

True

An employee who has the greatest interest in the project’s success 

Projects sponsors

*Anyone* in the organization who will be affected by the outcome of the project

Stakeholders

When employees report to a functional manager from their original functional area to carry out their operational work and their Project Manager for their project work

Matrixed Project Team

An organizational entity created to assist project managers in achieving project goals

Project management Office (PMO)

A document that defines the scope and goals of a specific project; it formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides a summary of the project’s objectives and management.

project charter

In which project management phase is the focus on project team members’ evaluations and knowledge transfer to operations?

Planning phase

3 components of a projects triple constraint:

meeting scope, time, and cost goals

The number of individuals who activities can be properly coordinated and controlled by one manager

span of control

True/False: The dual pyramid of authority-responsibility concept is common in hospitals and medical centers 

True

True/False: Contract management of a service may involve the provision of management only or the entire service including all involved employees

True