PT - exam 2 study guide ch8

Q: A client plans 3 workouts per week for 8 weeks (24 sessions total). If short-term goals should aim for 75% success, how many sessions must they complete?

A:
24 × 0.75 = 18 sessions
Goal: Attend at least 18 out of 24 sessions.

Q: __________ anxiety is the feelings of apprehension with increased physiological arousal, while _________ anxiety is chronic and perception of situations lead to associated awareness.

A: ✅ State anxiety; Trait anxiety

Q: ______ detects the elevation in the body’s temperature during exercise and promotes a cortical relaxation effect allowing muscle relaxation and decreased muscle spindle sensitivity.
a. Anterior Pituitary
b. The Heart
c. Adrenal Glands
d. Hypothalamus

A: ✅ d. Hypothalamus

Q: Exercise increases levels and receptor binding of the neurotransmitters __________, __________, and __________, all of which are associated with improved mood and reduced depressive symptoms.

A: ✅ Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine

Q: What is self-efficacy?

A: ✅ Self-efficacy is an individual’s belief in their ability to successfully perform a specific behavior or task.

Q: What is the difference between long-term goals and short-term goals?

A: ✅ Long-term goals focus on overall desired outcomes over an extended period, while short-term goals are smaller, achievable steps that lead to the long-term objective.

Q: What is the percentage of success a challenging short-term goal should be set at?
a. 75% chance of success
b. 40% chance of success
c. 15% chance of success
d. 50% chance of success

A: ✅ a. 75% chance of success

Q: Which of the following is considered a performance goal?
a. A goal of being in the top three weightlifters for a specific weight class
b. A goal to increase muscular strength during an 8-week training program, by comparing pretraining 1RM to post-training 1RM
c. A client planning on starting a resistance training program for the first time and committing to 3 days per week meeting with PT
d. Client wants to be the highest jumper on his basketball team

A: ✅ b. A goal to increase muscular strength during an 8-week training program, by comparing pretraining 1RM to post-training 1RM

Q: How does SMART goals help effectively set essential components of goal setting when working with clients?

A: ✅ SMART goals help by making objectives clear, measurable, realistic, and time-based to improve motivation and accountability.

Q: What are the components of SMART goals?
a. Specific, measurable, attainable, rapid, time bound
b. Single, measurable, attainable, realistic, time bound
c. Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, temporary
d. Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time bound

A: ✅ d. Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time bound

Q: Amy goes to the gym because she genuinely enjoys the experience, the social interaction, and the way it makes her feel. She is most likely an example of someone who has strong ______________ motivation.
a. Intrinsic
b. Facetious
c. Extrinsic
d. Pessimistic

A: ✅ a. Intrinsic

Q: Personal training can significantly influence a client’s adherence to an exercise program by their __________ to the client’s behavior.

A: ✅ Responsiveness

Q: Match the following Readiness Stage with its appropriate description:

Stage	Description
A. Contemplation	e. A new student looking at information on working with a PT at the university gym
B. Precontemplation	a. An individual happy with no intention of changing from sedentary lifestyle
C. Action	d. An individual that started working with a PT and is working out 5 days a week
D. Maintenance	b. A highly trained marathon runner
E. Preparation	c. A student that is starting to take a Pilates class once a week to see if she likes it

A: ✅

• A → e

• B → a

• C → d

• D → b

• E → c

Q: What are three methods that personal trainers can use to motivate their clients?

A: ✅ 1. Goal setting, 2. Positive reinforcement, 3. Providing education and feedback

Q: Self-talk (internal voice), minimizing procrastination, and mental imagery are examples of:
a. Stages of Readiness
b. Self-Efficacy
c. Types of Goals
d. Methods to motivate a client

A: ✅ d. Methods to motivate a client

Q: From all 4 types of influences that can help improve self-efficacy, the _____________ is the most influential.

A: ✅ Performance accomplishments (past experiences of success)

Q: Briefly explain how exercise can enhance cognitive function. Include at least two physiological or neurological mechanisms.

A: ✅ Exercise increases cerebral blood flow and the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), improving memory, focus, and executive functioning.