Method Development and Chemical Properties Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering analytical method development, criteria for quantitative and qualitative analysis, ionization techniques, intermolecular forces, and acid-base theories based on lecture notes.

Method Development

The analytical process of determining sample preparation options, instrument selection and optimization, matrices, materials and standards, control, data processing and evaluation, calibration types, and analytical measurement range (AMR).

Exact Mass

The precise mass of a single, specific isotope.

Functional Groups

A specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule that impart unique physical and chemical properties on that molecule independent of the other atoms present.

Ionization Potential

A property imparted by functional groups that determines what chemicals to use and what chemicals to avoid in an analytical scheme.

LC/MS (Electrospray, ESI)

An ionization technique applied in high polarity ranges to analyze compounds such as proteins and DNA.

LC/MS (APCI)

An ionization technique applied to compounds such as sterols, steroids, drugs, fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids.

GC/MS

An ionization technique applied in low polarity ranges to analyze compounds such as essential oils, esters, alkylsilyl derivatives, hydrocarbons, and perfumes.

Ionic Bonding

Electrostatic forces between ions resulting in a complete transfer of electrons between two atoms, such as in $NaCl$.

Covalent Bonding

A chemical bond where two atoms share electrons to become more stable, such as in $H_2O$.

London Dispersion Forces

Temporary intermolecular forces caused when nonpolar molecules in close proximity become slightly and temporarily polarized, initiating a chain reaction of induced dipoles.

Hydrogen Bonding

The non-covalent, electromagnetic attractive interaction between a polar hydrogen atom in a chemical group and an electronegative atom (such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) from another chemical group.

Bronsted Theory

A theoretical framework defining acids and bases as proton donors and proton acceptors based on the transfer of protons.

Lewis Acid

A substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a new bond, sometimes referred to as an electrophile or seeker of an additional electron pair.

Lewis Base

A substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a new bond, sometimes referred to as a nucleophile or seeker of a positive nucleus.

Base-Dissociation Constant

The equilibrium constant for the reaction in which a base abstracts a proton from water to produce an ammonium ion and a hydroxide ion.