Agriculture and Crop Science Lecture Notes

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering agronomy, soil science, horticulture, and plant physiology based on the lecture transcript.

Readily absorbed forms of nitrogen

Ammonium $NH_4$ and nitrate $NO_3$

Grey revolution

Fertiliser

Zero tillage

Requires non-selective, broad spectrum herbicide

Sugar beet

Biennial crop

Cono weeder

Manual weeding machine mainly used in paddy fields

Rajma

A pulse that is not a restorative crop and does not have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen

World Soil Day

5th December

Mango propagation

Veneer grafting and epicotyl grafting in commercial production; sometimes by inarching or inarch grafting

Lapse rate

Rate of temperature change with altitude

Critical temperature

Highest temperature at which gas can be liquefied

Conservation tillage

Requires $30\%$ or more crop residue to remain on the soil surface

Soil texture

Determines the physical property of the soil and proportion of sand, silt, and clay present in the soil

Dry bulb temperature

Normal air temperature

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Prevalent in mangoes

Black cotton soil

Contains montmorillonite

Broadcasting method

Mainly suitable for small to medium size seeds

Strip cropping

Reduces soil erosion by alternating strips of erosion resistance crops

Seed isolation distance

Helps maintain genetic purity of seed

Sapota propagation

Grown by Inarching

Grapes propagation

Grown by hardwood cutting

Onion

Modified leaf

Hygroscopic water

Unavailable water

Deep ploughing

Ploughing in summer that helps in killing pests by sun exposure

Clay soil

Has the highest porosity and highest water holding capacity

Peach, pear, and plum propagation

Grown by T budding grafting

Azotobacter

Biofertilizer primarily used for non-legume crops such as maize, cotton, and sorghum

Low bulk density

Likely to result in high porosity and good root penetration

Depth of ploughing (field crops)

$$12-20\,cm$$

Climacteric fruits

Fruits that have ethylene content after harvest and keep ripening, such as Banana and sapota

Dew point temperature

Temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapour causing condensation to begin

Strawberry propagation

Vegetative propagation by runners which grow horizontally

Black revolution

Petroleum

Moisture content for safe seed storage

$$9-13\%$$

Magnesium (Mg)

An integral component of chlorophyll and essential for photosynthesis

Breeder seed certification

Not necessary as it is bred under strict supervision and quality is ensured

Indian seed Act

Enacted in 1966 and amended in 1972

Seed rule

Established in 1968

Indian patent act

Established in 1970

Seed control order

Established in 1983

National seed project

Established in 1976

National seed policy

Established in 2002

Groundnut

Also known as Manali nut

White eye of rice

Caused by Fe deficiency

Pyrosis in poultry

Due to Mn deficiency

Alfalfa

Deep root system

Total crop area

$141\,mh$ with approximately $80\,mh$ in dryland agriculture

First director of IARI

Dr B Vishwanath

National Seed Corp

Initiated in 1961 in New Delhi

Apical dominance in sugarcane

Due to high Auxin content; sugarcane is a short day plant

C4 pathway crops

Sorghum, maize, and sugarcane; maize is best for making silage

Guard crop

A crop surrounded by a hardy crop, such as sugarcane surrounded by mesta

Buffalo gestation period

$310$ days

Pig gestation period

$114$ days

Cow gestation period

$283$ days

Sheep gestation period

$147$ days

Goat gestation period

$150$ days

ISTA

International seed testing association in Zurich, Switzerland

First state seed certification agencies

Maharashtra (MH) in 1970; Karnataka (KA) became the first autonomous body in 1974

Augmented crop

Requires a supplement crop, such as Japanese mustard and barseem

AGMARK Central Laboratory

Nagpur

Tz or tetrazolium test

Done to test the viability of seed

Psidium guajava

Guava

Rice transplantation depth

$$4\,cm$$

Orobanche

Total root parasitic weed

Cuscuta

Total stem parasitic weed

Cropping intensity

$\approx 155\%$ calculated as (Crop grown area / net sown area) $\times 100$

International year of soil

2015

Trap crops for red hairy caterpillar

Castor, cowpea, and jatropha used in groundnut crops

Edible portion of onion

Onion bulb made of swollen fleshy leaf bases

Dry farming

Areas with less than $750\,mm$ rainfall

Dryland farming

Areas with $750-1150\,mm$ rainfall

Registered seed tag color

Purple

IR8 paddy

Called miracle rice

CRIDA

Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, established 1985 in Hyderabad

Sub soiling

Tillage done to break the hardpan in soil

Rice aroma

Due to 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline

Amino acid deficiency in cereals

Deficient in lysine

Amino acid deficiency in legumes

Deficient in methionine

Abscisic acid (ABA)

Hormone related to stress and drought tolerance; plant growth inhibitor

Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

Expressed in $cmol (+)/ kg$; montomorillonite (smectite) has the highest CEC

Emasculation

Process of removing anthers before pollen dehiscence during hybridisation

Hisardale

Crossbreed between Bikaner ewe and merino ram

Rice stem borer

Pest that causes 'dead heart' in rice during the vegetative stage

Aflatoxin in groundnut

Caused by Aspergillus flavus

Edible portion of cauliflower

Flower bud and fleshy peduncle

Lodging in rice

Susceptibility increased by excess nitrogen application

Nickel

Structural component of urease enzymes

Ladybird

Biological control agent used against aphids

Field capacity

Represents the upper limit of available water for plants

H4

First commercially successful hybrid cotton variety in the world

Citrus canker

Caused by Bacteria Xanthomonas citri

Gibberellic acid

Used to break seed dormancy

Pigeon pea

Naturally cross-pollinated due to insect activity; major kharif pulse crop

Chokla sheep

Known as Indian merino

Potassium deficiency

Causes marginal scorching of older leaves

Boron function

Cell wall formation and pollen tube growth

Karakul

Sheep producing world famous lamb skins known as Ashtrakhan

Seed hardening

Main objective is to improve drought tolerance of seedlings

3-phosphoglyceric acid (3 PGA)

First stable product of $CO_2$ fixation in C3 plants

Collego

Fungal bio herbicide used for weed management