Comp Gov Mexico

patron-clientelism

Those is power (patrons) offer benefits to citizens in exchange for political support. (PRI used in Authoritarian)

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments. 31 States + Mexico City

Head of State

Symbolic representative of a country

Head of Government

Key executive in policy making

Cabinet Head

President appoints in specific areas, like treasury and defense.

Sexenio

The six-year administration of Mexican presidents.

NGOs

nonprofit groups and out of the government's control.

civil society

Organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests. (outside government's control)

Mandate

The broad support of the people to carry out their proposed policies.

mixed electoral system

An electoral system that uses a combination of single-member districts and proportional representation.

SMD

Country is divided into districts with equal population. Each district elects one Rep.

PR

Receive seats according to the percentage of the vote the party earns.

corporatism

When a state only recognizes one interest group as a representative of a whole sector.

i.e. the government only communicating with the UAW instead of all unions or only the Catholic church and not all religions

peak associations

The organizations corporatist governments recognize

pluralism

A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group. (outside government control)

Political Culture

an overall set of values widely shared within a society

Civil Liberties

Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

Social cleavages

divisions within a society that split a society, can be based off of a number of things (e.g: racial, ethnic, gender, religious, etc.)

Political cleavages

division of citizens by political beliefs

economic liberalism

economic policies that support the free market and reduce trade barriers.

Globalization

increased interconnectedness of people, states, economies.

Protectionist Economic Policies

Policies designed to protect domestic industry and reduce foreign influence

nationalized industries

Public corporations, which were previously part of the private sector, that are taken into state ownership.

Import Substitutional industrialization (ISI)

Aims to reduce dependence on other countries by replacing imports with new protected domestic industries.

Privitization

government transfers ownership and control of a nationalized industry to the private sector.

The Chamber of Deputies

The 500 member lower house of the Mexican legislature. Has the power to pass legislation, levy taxes, certify the budget, and certify elections

Senate

The 128 member higher house of the Mexican Legislature. Has the power to confirm presidential appointments, ratify treaties, and approve federal interventions in states

El Dedazo

The appointment of the next president by the current president under PRI authoritarian rule. Replaced by primary system in early 1980s.

Mexican Executive Powers

Both Head of State and Head of Government, Appoint cabinet heads, Commander-in-chief, Proposes legislation, Can veto bills passed in the lower house, Can issue decrees (like executive orders), Chief diplomat

Mexican Supreme Court

Appointed by president, approved by the Senate, 15 year term. Has power of Judicial Review

Judicial Review

Power of the courts of a country to examine the actions of the legislative, executive, and administrative arms of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the constitution. Actions judged inconsistent are declared unconstitutional and, therefore, null and void.

Chamber of Deputies election

300 seats by SMD voting, where the country is split into 300 districts of roughly equal population

200 seats by PR, where the country is split into 5 larger districts, each electing 40 seats, with a 2% requirement for any seats

Senate election

3 Senators per state. People cast votes for parties in SMD by state, winning party gets 2 seats, 2nd place gets 1. Total of 96 Senators from this election

A secondary national PR election elects 32 more senators

PRI

The party that ruled mexico from 1920 to 2000. Leftish party that represented peasants and working class. Maintained power through patron-clientalism.

PRD

A left wing party opposed to economic liberalization

PAN

The conservative party. Close ties to the catholic church. First to beat the PRI around 2000.

MORENA

Split from PRD. Populist left wing party (kinda just the AMLO party). Responsible for some democratic backsliding.