chp 4 history

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

In 1803, the U.S. bought 828,000 square miles from France for $15 million.

How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the United States?

It nearly doubled the size of the United States.

Who sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States?

Napoleon Bonaparte of France.

Why did Napoleon sell Louisiana?

After the Haitian Revolution, he had little use for the land and needed money.

Why did Federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase?

They feared western farmers would gain more political power.

What happened when Jefferson tried to buy West Florida?

His attempt to buy it from Spain failed.

What did some Americans want to do about West Florida?

Some wanted to take the territory from Spain by force.

Why did the $2 million offer make Republicans angry?

They were upset that Napoleon was not interested in helping with West Florida.

What was the Treaty of Vincennes?

A 1804 agreement that gave the U.S. land in southern Indiana.

Why did the Treaty of Vincennes cause Native American conflict?

It violated a treaty requiring Native Americans to approve land claims.

What was the pan-Indian resistance movement?

A movement calling for political and cultural unity among Native American tribes.

Why did the pan-Indian resistance movement form?

It formed in response to American settlers taking Native American land.

What was the Battle of Tippecanoe?

An 1811 battle where William Henry Harrison's forces defeated Native American forces.

Who was William Henry Harrison?

The governor of Indiana who led American forces at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Who was Tecumseh?

A Shawnee chief who allied with the British after Tippecanoe.

Who were the War Hawks?

Congressmen who pushed for war with Britain.

When was the War of 1812?

June 1812 to February 1815.

Why did the U.S. enter the War of 1812?

One major goal was to end British restrictions on American shipping.

Why did the South and West support the War of 1812?

British shipping restrictions hurt their economies.

Why did New England oppose the War of 1812?

The British restrictions affected New England less.

Which political party supported the War of 1812?

Republicans generally supported the war.

Which political party opposed the War of 1812?

Federalists generally opposed the war.

Why did DeWitt Clinton run against Madison?

He hoped to gain support from people who opposed the war.

What was the Treaty of Ghent?

The treaty signed on December 24, 1814, that officially ended the War of 1812.

What was the result of the War of 1812?

It was basically a stalemate, and things largely returned to normal.

What was the Battle of New Orleans?

A battle where Andrew Jackson defeated British forces during the War of 1812.

Who won the Battle of New Orleans?

Andrew Jackson and American forces defeated the British.

Why was the Battle of New Orleans important?

Jackson's victory helped preserve U.S. control of the territory.

What happened to Federalist influence after the War of 1812?

Federalist influence declined significantly.

Who was John Quincy Adams?

He was Secretary of State who later became the 6th president.

How did the U.S. and Britain's relationship change after the war?

The two countries began working together more closely.

What was the Trans-Continental Treaty of 1819?

A treaty that gave Florida to the U.S. and set a boundary with Spanish Texas.

What did the Monroe Doctrine state?

In 1823, it warned European powers against colonizing or interfering in the Americas.

Why was Missouri's admission controversial?

It could give slave states an advantage in Congress.

What did James Tallmadge propose in 1819?

He proposed Missouri enter as a slave state while gradually ending slavery.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

A 1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

What did the Missouri Compromise say about slavery?

Slavery was prohibited north of 36°30' in the remaining Louisiana Territory.

What did the Missouri Compromise accomplish?

It temporarily settled the Missouri slavery dispute while keeping the free-slave balance.

Did the Missouri Compromise end slavery disputes?

No, disputes over slavery continued.

What happened to the Federalist Party before the Election of 1824?

It was nearly nonexistent and had no presidential candidate.

What happened to the Republican Party before the Election of 1824?

It split into factions.

Who were the four major candidates in the Election of 1824?

Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and Henry Clay.

Why did the House choose the president in 1824?

None of the four candidates won a majority of the electoral votes.

Who did the House choose as president in 1824?

John Quincy Adams was chosen over Andrew Jackson.

Why was the Election of 1824 controversial?

Jackson had the most popular and electoral votes but did not have a majority, so the House chose Adams.

What political party formed between 1824 and 1828?

The Democratic Party formed from the split in the Democratic-Republican Party.

Who was the first presidential candidate of the Democratic Party?

Andrew Jackson.

Who was the first president of the Democratic Party?

Andrew Jackson.

Why was Andrew Jackson relatable to many voters?

His humble origins in the southern backcountry made him relatable.

What did John Quincy Adams believe about government?

He believed political elites had a broader understanding of politics.

What did Andrew Jackson believe about government?

He supported greater democratization and broader participation in government.

What was one of Jackson's main goals after becoming president?

He wanted to address the issue of Native Americans living east of the Mississippi.

How many Native Americans lived east of the Mississippi around 1830?

About 125,000 Native Americans.

Which major tribes lived east of the Mississippi?

Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole.

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

A law allowing Jackson to negotiate Native American removal west of the Mississippi.

What did the Indian Removal Act offer Native Americans?

Unsettled land west of the Mississippi in exchange for their occupied land.

What was the Trail of Tears?

A series of forced Native American relocations to lands west of the Mississippi.

What happened to many Native Americans during the Trail of Tears?

As many as one-fourth died during the forced relocations.

What was Black Hawk's War?

A 1832 conflict between federal troops and Sauk and Fox Indians in Illinois.

What was the Seminole resistance?

Seminole resistance to removal from Florida from 1835–1842.

What was the second party system?

The period when Democrats and Whigs became the two major political parties.

What changed during the second party system?

Voter participation increased and the political process became more modern.

Why did the Whig Party form?

It formed in response to Andrew Jackson's policies.

How did Whigs portray Andrew Jackson?

They portrayed him as an aggressive president who threatened checks and balances.

What did Whigs generally believe about government?

They generally supported a strong central government.

What did Democrats generally support regarding government?

They generally supported states' rights.

How much did the U.S. population grow from 1800 to 1850?

It grew from about 5.3 million to about 23 million.

Why did many Americans move west?

Western land was cheaper and more widely available.

What was the Oregon Trail?

A route from Independence, Missouri, to the Pacific Coast used by settlers moving west.

How long was the Oregon Trail?

About 2,000 miles.

How long did the Oregon Trail journey usually take?

About six months.

How did settlers travel on the Oregon Trail?

They traveled in covered wagons pulled by oxen.

How far could settlers travel per day on the Oregon Trail?

They could travel up to about 15 miles per day.

Why was timing important on the Oregon Trail?

Leaving too early could mean mud, while leaving too late could mean snow in the Rockies.

What did settlers hope to find in Oregon?

Fertile land for farming.

How many people traveled the Oregon Trail in the 1840s?

About 90,000 people traveled the trail.

How many Oregon Trail travelers died in the 1840s?

About 5,000 people died during the journey.

Why did Native American tribes have more land conflicts in the West?

More American migration increased competition for land.

What was the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851?

An agreement that confined Native tribes to specific territories in exchange for U.S. payments.

Who organized the Fort Laramie meeting in 1851?

The United States Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Which tribes made up much of the Fort Laramie meeting?

Many were Sioux Indians or allies of the Sioux.

What did Native tribes agree to under Fort Laramie?

They accepted specific territories and gave up some land.

What did the U.S. promise under the Fort Laramie Treaty?

$50,000 annually for 50 years.