Bac Phys Ch 1 and 2-Exam 1

aerobic metabolism produces how much atp

38

for aerobic metabolism, the bacteria could be an _____ or ______

obligate or facultative

fermentation uses an organic final _____ acceptor and makes ____ ATP

hyrogen, 2

fermentation uses ____ for additional energy

pyruvate

facultative anaerobes can

do aerobic metabolism or fermentation if there’s no oxygen as last resort

aerotolerant anaerobes

uses fermentation. stays alive in oxygen, doesn’t use it.

gram positives have no ______ membrane

outer

virulence

the ability to cause damage to the host, and the DEGREE that it does

pathogenicity

does it cause disease or no

bascillus subtilis is gram

+

what is special about mycobacteria envelope

cell envelope is lipid-rich, acid fast. grows slow

pseudomonas is good for studying

quorum sensing, biofilms

which microbe is best for universal mechanisms

e. coli

which microbe is best for differentiation

bascillus subtilis

which microbe is best for long term survival

mycobacteria

prokaryotes encompass

bacteria and archaea

phylogeny is based on

rRNA

prokaryotic ribosome components

50s and 30s make 70s

eukaryotic ribosome subunit

60s and 40s make 80s

unique S in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

16S, 18S

bacteria have ____ GC content

higher

bacterial lipid membrane fatty acids are linked how

ester

archael lipid membrane fatty acids are linked how

ether linked

archaea lack what in their cell wall

peptidoglycan

archaeal rna polymerase has ______ subunits while bacteria has ___. archaea is _____ by rifampin

8 to 10, 4, unaffected

archaeal ribosomes resemble

eukaryote ones

alcohol disrupts what layer of gram negatives

outer LPS

periplasm maintains

turgor pressure

non-PG layer of gram + make up ___ of wall

60%, most

most polymers in gram positive cell wall are found linked to

PG

three main components of gram positive cell wall

techouronic acids, teichoic, and lipoteichoic

D-alanine attaches to what in gram positive cell wall

teichoic acid, good target for antibiotic

lipoteichoic acids are ______ linked, which makes them have what polarity

phosphodiester, amphipathic

LTA are ___ covalently bound to PG. some are secreted to cell surface for ___

not, adhesion

glycolipids can sub for ___ in gram +

LTA

cell walls of mycobacteria contain

waxy lipids

macroamphiphiles and lipoglycans

two generic glycolipids found in a lot of gram +

outer layer of gram - consists of

LPS, phospholipids, and protein

gram - periplasm is where

between outer and inner membrane- where PG is located

LPS three regions

Lipid A, core, o-antigen

toxic part of LPS

lipid A

O-antigen is an ________ used for categorization

oligosaccharide

LPS is an ______, which makes it a major virulence factor

endotoxin

LPS is a _____ barrier. so mutants lacking it are more ______ to hydrophobic compounds

permeability, permeable

murein lipoprotein is found ____ and anchors _______ to PG

on gram - outer membrane, outer memmbrane

porins do what in gram -

allows for diffusion

three porins in e. coli

ompF, ompC, PhoE (when phosphate supply is low)

peptidoglycan is linked how

cross linked, like mesh. covalent

glycan consists of alternating residues of

nag and nam

peptidoglycan function three things

maintain shape of cell, can be destroyed by lysozyme, target of antibiotics