Fingerprinting

Dactylography

scientific study of fingerprints and their characteristics

Ridgeology

study of ridges/valleys

Who had the first systematic attempt at personal Identification

Alphonse Bratillian, 1883

“Portraite Parte” → detailed description

full length and profile photographs

Alphonse Bratillian

“no prints are the same”

“a persons print remain the same their entire life”

Sir Fransis Galton

created afis (automated fingerprint identification system)

Sir Edward Henry

When in pregnancy do fingerprints form?

8th Week of pregnancy

where are they formed?

papillary

where are they located?

dermal

what are they used for?

Grip

Who was john dillinger?

a bank robber

what did dillinger use to burn his prints?

Hydrochloric Acid

What happened to dillinger’s ridge markings?

Became more faint and visible

what is anthropometry ?

A systematic method of measuring the human body for identification purposes, developed by Alphonse Bertillon.

how many measurements does anthropometry consist of

11 measurements

what are the 3 classifications of fingerprints?

Loops, Whorls, Arches

How many deltas & cores do loops have?

Loops have one delta and one core.

how many delta’s and cores do arches have?

Arches have no deltas and no cores.

how many delta’s and cores do whorls have?

one or more cores and at least two deltas

What is a delta?

Triangle shaped ridge

What is a core?

center of fingerprint pattern

Whats an ulnar loop?

Open towards pinky finger (ulna)

whats a radial loop?

opens toward the thumb (radius)

whats a plain arch?

simplest of all patterns, rises slightly

whats a tented arch?

rises sharply, looks like a tent, meets at less than 90 degrees

whats a plain whorl?

ridge makes complete circuit, can be spiral, oval, or any variant of circle

whats a central pocket loop whorl?

ridge makes complete circuit

may be spiral, oval, or any variant of circle

lacks symmetry

whats a double loop whorl?

made up of two loops

makes an “s”

two cores, two deltas

What are the 3 type of fingerprints?

Latent, Patent, Plastic

What’s a Latent Print?

-invisible to the naked eye

-needs to be enhanced

-result of perspiration

Whats a Patent Print?

-Foreign substance on finger

-Substance transfers to another object

What’s s plastic print?

-Fingers touches soft malleable surface

-makes indentation

Minutiae points

points where ridge structures change

How many ridge characteristics are there?

12

How many points of minutiae does the united states have?

11

How many points of minutiae does australia have?

7

How many points of minutiae does australia have?

7

How many points of minutiae does united kingdom have?

16

What does ACE-V stand for?

Analysis

Comparison

Evaluation

Verification

When was ACE-V introduced?

introduced in 1980’s by David Ashbaugh

What does AFIS stand for?

Automated

Fingerprint

Identification

System

IAFIS

Integrated

automated

fingerprint

identification

system

ways to collect patent prints?

photography, alternate light source, chemicals

ways to collect latent prints?

fingerprint powder, alternate light source, cyanoacrylate (superglue)

Whats an alternate light source (ALS)

Lasers or led sources

ex: doorknobs, windows, railings, etc

Cyanocrylate

-Type of Superglue

-mostly on non-porous surfaces

-exposes object to cyanocrylate vapors

-will stick to any prints present

-viewed with ambient lighting or white light source

Niahydrin

-reacts with amino acids & salts

-makes prints turn purple