WH2 Spiers Chapter 30 Section 1

What did President Woodrow Wilson endorse to encourage hope in the Middle East and Africa?

Self-determination

Self-determination:

the right of national groups to set up independent nations

Turkish emperors:

Sultans

Who did the Ottoman Empire side with in hopes to save their remaining lands during WW1?

Germany

What happened to the Ottoman Empire after their loss in WW1?

They lost all of their land except for present-day turkey

Who wanted to take advantage of the weakened Ottoman Empire and destroy it completely?

Greece

Mustafa Kemal:

• leader of a political group known as the “Young Turks”

• rallied forces to his country’s defense

Who won in the Turkey Vs. Greece war? And thanks to who?

Turkey, thanks to Mustafa Kemal

What did the Young Turks do after their defeat of Greece?

• forced the sultan to relinquish his throne

• Formed a new country called “ The Republic of Turkey”

• moved the capital from Istanbul to Ankara

Who was the president of The Republic of Turkey?

Mustafa Kemal

List some of Kemal’s Reforms:

1. Turkey began using the Western calendar.

2. Turkey began using the Latin alphabet.

3. Turkey began using the Metric System.

4. Kemal outlawed the fez

5. Tried to get rid of the custom of veiling among women.

6. Kemal established democracy in Turkey, even though he was a dictator.

7. “Purified” the Turkish language by ridding it of all words that had Persian or Arabic origins.

   (Esstenialy he focused on the westernization of Turkey)

Fez:

a traditional hat

What did Mustafa Kemal change his name to and what does it mean?

• Kemal Ataturk

• “Father of Turkey.”

Shah:

Persian king

Reza Khan:

• a Nationalist army officer

• wanted to cut back the foreign influence on their government and economy

• overthrew the shah and set up a new government

What was Reza Khan’s main purpose as a ruler?

• he wanted to reduce Western political influence in Persia.

• wanted to change the Persian monarchy into a republic

What is the name Perisa changed to and what does it mean?

• Iran

• “land of the Aryans”

What did Reza Khan rule as and why?

He ruled as a dictator because Ayatollahs did not allow the change from a monarchy to a republic.

Ayatollahs:

Traditional muslims

What did Reza Khan change his name to when he became shah?

Reza Shah Pahlavi

Who were Reza Shah Pahlavi’s racial view most similar to and why?

Hitler because he believed that Germans and Persians shared the same ancestry (Aryans).

What did Great Britain and the USSR do Reza Shah Pahlavi to during WW2? Why?

Deposed Reza and replaced him with his son. His son allowed USSR and British troops remain in Iran.

Deposed:

“remove from office suddenly and forcefully”/ kicked out of office or political power

What country that was previously a part of the Ottoman Empire did Great Britain get a mandate over? (Thanks league of nations)

Palestine!!!

What two nationalist groups conflicted in/over Palestine?

The Arabs and Jews

Zionists:

people who believe in establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine (Also I think murderers is an acceptable answer)

Who was the leader of the Zionists?

Theodor Herzl, a prominent Austrian-Jewish writer and journalist.

What were Great Britain’s conflicting promises in the Palestinian region?

• promised independence to the Arabs in return for their help against the Ottoman Turks

• promised a homeland to the Jews

What is the Balfour Declaration?

A letter from the British Foreign Secretary to the English Zionist Federation promising Great Britain’s help in establishing a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

Who was in control of Egypt? (Take a wild guess)

Great Britian

When Italy invaded Ethiopia, who did the British decided they needed to prevent further Italian aggression?

Egypt

What does Egypt get from helping Great Britain prevent further Italian aggression?

• complete independence

• became a member of the League of Nations.

How many Kenyans died helping Great Britain fight Germany in East Africa?

around 45,000

How did Great Britain repay the Kenyans for their fighting?

By continuing to exploit the land and the people of Kenya

Harry Thuku:

Developed the rise of a protest movement against Great Britain?

How did the British respond to Thuku’s protests?

By exiling him and killing 25 protesters

Jomo Kenyatta

Took over the growing nationalist movement after Thuku was exiled

Was Kenya free by WW2?

No

What did the British do to an unarmed protest of Nigerian women? Why?

Killed 50 of them. They wanted to send a message that no rebellion will be allowed.