Human Rights Regional Mechanisms of Protection

Flashcards on Human Rights Regional Mechanisms of Protection

Organization

Individuals or legal persons with a specific, public aim and a management structure.

International Governmental Organization (IGO)

Organizations composed of states represented by prime ministers, diplomats, or experts, focused on diplomacy and cooperation.

Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)

Organizations composed of individuals focused on cooperation and bottom-up policies.

Executive Board/Committee (IGO)

Governing body within IGOs overseeing operations.

General Assembly (IGO)

Representative body within IGOs for member states.

Operative Divisions/Units (IGO)

Functional units within IGOs carrying out specific tasks.

Control Mechanisms/Cooperation Public Funds (IGO)

Methods within IGOs for oversight and resource management.

Executive Board/Committee (NGO)

Governing body within NGOs overseeing operations.

National Divisions (NGO)

Local or country-specific branches of NGOs.

Report Activities Private Funds (NGO)

Transparency and financial mechanisms within NGOs.

Magna Carta (1215)

English charter establishing the principle that everyone, including the king, was subject to the law and protected certain rights.

French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Document affirming that men are born and remain free and equal in rights, with liberty defined by the ability to do anything that does not harm others.

Human Rights

Rights generally recognized to all individuals, including civil, political, economic, and social rights, defined nationally and internationally.

International Humanitarian Law (IHL)

Law applicable during armed conflict, concerned with the effects of war, not its legality.

Jus ad bellum

The law on the use of force or war.

Jus in bello

The law in war, concerning acceptable conduct during conflict.

The International Criminal Court (ICC)

An independent, permanent court established to prosecute individuals for the most serious crimes of international concern.

International Bill of Human Rights

Consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Document setting out a wide range of human rights and freedoms to be protected.

OHCHR

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights supports the HRC and its mechanisms.

Human Rights Treaties

Legally binding treaties negotiated and adopted by States within the framework of the United Nations General Assembly.

Human Rights Council

Addresses human rights violations, works to prevent human rights abuses, responds to emergencies, and recommends developments in human rights law.

Universal Periodic Review (UPR)

Inter-governmental peer review where each State is reviewed in a 4/5-year cycle.

Special Procedures

Mandates relating to countries or territories, appointed by the Human Rights Council to monitor human rights.

Arab League

A regional organization in the Arab world created in March 1945.

African Union

A continental body consisting of the 55 member states that make up the countries of the African Continent.

The Banjul Charter

Also known as the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights is a crucial continental agreement designed to safeguard and advance fundamental human rights and liberties across Africa.

African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR)

A continental court established by Article 1 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, complementing and reinforcing the functions of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights.

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

Charged with the protection of human and peoples' rights, the promotion of human and peoples' rights and the interpretation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.

AComHPR

The Commission carries out sensitization, public mobilization and information dissemination through seminars, symposia, conferences and missions.