Infectious disease ppt #6

Infectious

A disease caused by growth of a pathogenic microorganism in the body. It may or may not be communicable.

Communicable

Contagious; a disease readily transmitted from one person to another.

Ability of organisms to cause disease depends on both the microorganism and the state of the body's defenses (T/F)

True

the oral cavity can be the primary site of involvement of an infectious disease, or a systemic infection can have oral manifestations. (T/F)

True

A pathogenic microorganism may not cause disease if the host is highly resistant. (T/F)

True

smallest microorganism that can cause disease:

Virus

Types Of microorganisms

Bacteria

• Virus - smallest

• Fungus

• Protozoa (rare)

• Helminth (worm like) also rare

Microorganisms are antigens (T/F)

True

Pyemia Etiologic agent

Pyogenic Microoganism

Cellulitis Etiologic agent:

Beta Hemolytic Streptococci

Peptic Ulcer Etiologic agent:

Helicobactor Pylori

Rheumatic Fever etiologic agent

Systemic Post -Streptococcus; Aschoffs Cells

Scarlet Fever etiologic agent

Type of hemolytic streptococci

("strawberry tongue”)

Diphtheria Etiologic agent

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Lyme Disease etiologic agent

Borrelia burgdorferi

What is the most common persistent feature of Lyme disease?

Arthritis

Whooping cough etiologic agent:

Bordetella pertussis

Tuberculosis

an infectious chronic granulomatous disease

Primary infection of the lung

Turberculosis etiologic agent

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Myoplasm organism)

Route of transmission of tuberculosis:

Inhalation

Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis:

fever, fatigue, malaise, weight loss, persistent cough

Oral lesions of tuberculosis

rare, painful, nonhealing ulcers

Actinomycosis etiologic agent

Actinomyces israelli

Actinomycosis, Route of transmission:

Infection preceded by extraction or abrasion of mucosa

Oral lesions Of actinomycosis:

Abscesses that contain sulfur Granules

Actinomycosis

infection caused by a filamentous bacterium

Syphilis, Etiologic agent:

Treponema pallidum

Syphilis, route of transmission:

direct contact

Primary stage of syphilis:

Chancre

Highly infectious

Secondary stage of syphilis:

Mucous patches; skin rash with Papules

most infectious

Tertiary stage of syphilis:

Gumma

non infectious

Congenital Syphilis:

can be transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus, the organism can cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation

•8th nerve deafness

• Hutchinson's incisors

• Mulberry molars

• Treatment - Penicillin

** serious and irreversible damage to child

Gonorrhea Etiologic agent:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gonorrhea Route of transmission:

Direct contact

Gonorrhea signs and symptoms:

Asymptomatic in women; yellow discharge in men

NUG Etiologic agent

Fusiform bacillus and borrelia vincentii

NUG signs and symptoms:

Necrosis of interdental papilla and cratering, foul odor, metallic taste.

Pericoronitis, Etiologic agent

Bacteria part of normal oral flora

Pericoronitis, Signs & symptoms:

inflammation around the crown of a partially erupted or impacted tooth

Candidiasis etiologic agent

Candida albicans

Pseudomembranous candidiasis

curd like material on mucosal surface with underlying erythema; Can be wiped off leaving a raw, red and painful surface; burning and metallic taste

Acute atropic candidiasis:

erythematous and painful taste

Chronic atropic candidiasis

Denture stomatitis, asymptomatic petechiae on mucosa covered by a full or partial denture

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

white lesion that does not wipe off.

Angular cheilitis

erythema and fissuring at labial commissures

Median rhomboid Glossitis

red, rhomboid shaped area in the posterior midline of the tongue.

Chronic Mucocutaneous

oral, genital and skin lesions in a severely mmunocompromised individual

Histoplasmosis Etiologic agent

Histoplasma capsulatum

Histoplasmosis Route of transmission

Inhalation of dust from pigeon or chicken droppings

Histoplasmosis signs and symptoms

lung infection;

orally there are chronic, nonhealing ulcers

Hepatitis, Etiologic agent

Hepatitis virus

Hepatitis A

Fecal contamination

Hepatitis B

Direct contact with infected blood and or body fluids

Hepatitis C

(Non A, Non B) Direct contact with infected blood

Hepatitis D

Secondary infection to Hepatitis B

Hepatitis E

Fecal contamination outside of US.

Hepatitis signs and symptoms

Flu like

Jaundice

Verruca Vulgaria

Common wart

Resembles papilloma

Verruca Vulgaria route of transmission

Direct contact

Verruca vulgaria etiologic agent

Human papilloma virus

Verruga vulgaria is seen clinically as a

white, papillary exophytic lesion

Condyloma acuminatum

Genital wart associated with cervical cancer

Condyloma acuminatum, etiologic agent

human papilloma virus

Condyloma acuminatum Route of transmission:

sexual; child abuse

Condyloma acuminatum Is seen clinically….

more pink and diffused than verruca vulgaris

Focal epithelial hyperplasia Is also known as

Heck’s disease

Focal epithelial hyperplasia, etiologic agent

Human papilloma virus

Focal epithelial hyperplasia Is seen clinically as

multiple asymptomatic pink nodules on the oral mucosa; most frequently in children.

Herpes Simplex etiologic agent

Herpes Simplex virus

Herpes simplex route of transmission

Direct contact

Herpes simplex is seen clinically as

Vesicle precedes ulcer

Type 1 herpes is known as

Oral herpes

Type 2 herpes is known as

Genital herpes

Primary Herpetic gingivostomatitis

Initial infection

Seem most commonly in children

Primary Herpetic gingivostomatitis Signs and symptoms

Flu like; painful, ertyhematous, swollen gingival; multiple, tiny, vesicles on the perioral skin lips, and oral mucosa

Herpes Labialis

Recurrent herpes simplex infection - cold sores, fever blister, herpes labialis

• Causes - sunlight, menstruation, fatigue, fever, stress

Chickenpox Etiology

Varicella zoster

Chickenpox route of transmission

Contaminated droplets

Chickenpox signs and symptoms

flu like; eruptions of the skin and mucous membranes

Shingles etiology

Varicella zoster (herpes zoster)

Shingles route of transmission

harbored in sensory ganglia (not clear); immunodeficiency

Shingles signs and symptoms

unilateral, painful eruption of vesicles along a sensory nerve

Herpangina etiology

Coxsackie virus

Herpangina signs and symptoms

Flu like; vesicles on soft palate

Hand -foot -and - mouth disease etiology

Coxsackie virus

Hand -foot -and - mouth disease signs and symptoms

painful, oral vesicles and ulcers multiple macules on the skin

Measles

Measles:_highly contagious disease causing systemic symptoms and skin rash (childhood disease)

Measles etiology

Paramyxovirus

Measles signs and symptoms

Koplik's spots; skin rash

Mumps

A viral infection of the salivary glands

Mumps etiology

Paramyxovirus

Mumps signs and symptoms

painful swelling of the parotid gland (bilateral swelling)

Mononucleosis etiology

Epstein Barr virus

Mononucleosis route of transmission

Close contact

Mononucleosis signs and symptoms

Flu like; sore throat; palatal petechiae

Hairy leukoplakia etiology

Epstein barr virus

Hairy leukoplakia signs and symptoms

irregular, corrugated, white lesion on the lateral border of the tongue; precursor to AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome: - AIDS

Etiology

Human immunodeficiency virus

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome Route of transmission

Direct contact

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome signs and symptoms

Many oral lesions

• Candidiasis, Herpes Simplex, Herpes Zoster, Hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi Sacroma, Aphthous ulcers, etc.