Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetically Modified Plants

Flashcards about the concepts of Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetically Modified Plants.

What is artificial selection in plants?

Artificial selection process conducted by humans to produce plants that have more desirable traits than wild plants.

Name four methods of Modern plant breeding?

Cross breeding, Hybrid-breeding, Mutation breeding, and Molecular breeding (marker assisted selection)

What is the function of Chloroplasts?

Organelle where photosynthesis occurs, converting light energy into chemical energy (sugars) and releasing oxygen

What is the function of Mitochondria?

Organelle responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Organelle within a cell that houses the cell's genetic material (DNA)

Name two methods of producing genetically modified plants.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens method and Particle gun method.

What does the T-DNA segment encode for?

The T-DNA encodes enzymes involved in auxin and cytokinin production and these stimulate plant cell proliferation. The T-DNA also encodes enzymes that produce opines and agropines used by the Agrobacterium as carbon source.

What do virulence proteins (Vir proteins) do?

Required for T- DNA transport and integration into host genome

What are protoplasts?

Plant cells after the removal of the cell wall

What is an explant?

A fragment of plant tissue used as the starting material for growing a new plant.

What is Callus?

A growing mass of plant cells on gel medium containing plant growth regulators like macronutrients, micronutrients and plant hormones

How did the Flavr Savr tomato increase product shelf life?

Silencing of polygalacturonase increases product shelf life.

How do non-browning apples delay oxidative browning?

Reduction of the expression of polyphenol oxidase delays the onset of browning.

How does Golden Rice prevent Vitamin A deficiency?

Golden rice produces β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the endosperm

How can GABA tomatoes lower blood pressure?

Oral intake of GABA can help lower blood pressure