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Opus caementicium
mixture of lime mortar, water, sand, and aggregates such as small stones or broken bricks. used extensively in building structures such as aqueducts, bridges, and buildings because of its durability and strength
Rudus
mortar; used as glue to hold bricks, blocks etc. together.
Opus signinium
usually pink or yellowish color, contains sand and fragments of ground ceramics and if available - pozzolana; favored for its resistance to water and ease of application
Hypocaustum
underfloor heating system, used to heat houses, public baths (thermae), and other buildings
Lararium
a shrine found in Roman households dedicated to the to the guardian spirits of the Roman household.
Ruina montium
an ancient Roman mining technique described by Pliny the Elder, it involved digging extensive tunnels and chambers within a mountain, then causing a controlled collapse of the entire structure to access the ore
Negotiatores
type of businessmen in ancient Rome; they lent money on interest.
Mercatores
They were present in all the open-air markets or covered shops, manning stalls or selling goods by the side of the road.
Mansio
an official stopping place or inn along Roman roads every seven to twelve Roman miles, used by government officials, couriers, and sometimes other travelers as a trading spot.
Corbita
Roman merchant ship used primarily for transporting goods across the Mediterranean Sea. Slow and difficult to manouver
auspicium
interpretation of the will of the gods by observing the behavior of birds
dii consentes
the twelve principal deities of the Roman pantheon; it included six male and six female deities.
senatus consultum de bacchanalibus
decree issued by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE to restrict the Bacchanalia
mithraeum
was a temple or sacred space dedicated to the worship of Mithras, a god associated with a mystery religion; often located underground or in caves to resemble the cavern where Mithras was believed to have slain the sacred bull
domus aurea
Golden House; vast and extravagant palace complex built by Emperor Nero in Rome after the great fire of 64 CE which started a new trend forbigger and better concrete architecture.
insula
Large apartment buildings that housed most of the population of a Roman city
basilica
they were first built to house audience facilities for government officials. When Christianity became the state religion, this kind of building was adapted to Christian worship.
comitium
the original open-air public meeting space of Ancient Rome, center of political activity.
rostra
a large platform in the Roman Forum used for public oratory and speeches. Name comes from the bronze ship beaks that dedicated its front.
apodyterium
changing room
frigidarium
room with cold water bath
tepidarium
room with warm water bath
caldarium
room with hot water bath
palaestra
outdoor area similar to a gym
mortarium
Roman ceramic bowl used for grinding and mixing ingredients, Roman “food processor”
dipinto
term used to describe an inscription or painting applied directly onto a wall or other surface in ancient Rome
castellum aquae
Roman water distribution structure, typically a reservoir or water tower, that served as a central point for distributing water from aqueducts to various parts of a city
Sacerdos vestalis
the priestesses of Vesta, the goddess of the hearth, home, and family in ancient Roman religion, responsible for maintaining the sacred fire in the Temple of Vesta
Aes grave triens
type of Roman bronze coin, they often featured various symbols and images, such as animals or deities, on their surfaces
The Tuscan order
Order like the Doric, except this one has a base.
The Compostite order
combined elements of both the Ionic and Corinthian.
Vestibulum
Long narrow hallway that led from front door to the atrium. Floor often decorated by mosaics.
Atrium
Large airy room, lighted by opening in roof. Formal room where guests were received. In the center, below the opening in the roof was a shallow pool that caught the rainwater.
Impluvium
small pool in middle of Atrium
Cubiculum
Small rooms used for a number of different purposes. On upper story and interior of the house they functioned as bedrooms.
Triclinium
dining room, named after the couches found in dining rooms.
Tablinum
The house museum or master study. Family records were stored here. Busts of famous ancestors were displayed here. Business could also be conducted here. Often had a mosaic floor and wall paintings.
Culina
kitchen; small, dark & poorly ventilated
Peristilium
Open courtyard within the domus
Exhedra
Large, elegant room, usually used for formal entertainment and lavish dinner parties.
Alae
the open rooms (or alcoves) on each side of the atrium;
Taberna
had separate entrances that opened to the street and did not connect with the rest of the house. Used literally as shops, rented out by owner of home.