drug use and abuse exam4

Which of the following is a regulatory issue potentially limiting research for medical marijuana

Classification of the drug as a schedule 1 substance

_______ is the leafy top portion of the Cannabis sativa plant, while _______ is the resin produced by the cannabis plant to protect it from the sun.

Marijuana; Hashish

How does using Marijuana affect a person's sleep?

Decrease in REM sleep

Which of the following is FALSE?

None of the other choices are FALSE (They are all TRUE)

Which of the following is/are true?

Cannabidiol decreases the effect of THC at CB1 receptors

Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychotic behavior in the future.

true

People report that the oral consumption effects of cannabis do not last as long as that of smoked cannabis.

false

In NYC, during Prohibition, ________ opened to give marijuana users a place to smoke.

tea pads

Which of the following is FALSE?

Research investigating the effects of marijuana has always had about 10-12% THC in the marijuana

Which of the following effects on the reproductive system has research shown to be associated with chronic marijuana use?

all of these

Marijuana cigarettes contain __________________.

More tar than tobacco cigarettes

________ is a vapor spray that is about equal parts of THC and CBD.

sativex

NIDA's 2019/2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed a lifetime prevalence rate of about ____ for marijuana.

46%

_______ is a medication that is CBD extracted from the Cannabis plant that has been FDA approved for 3 rare seizure disorders.

epidiolex

Anandamide and 2-AG

all other choices are true

THC inhibits the release of neurotransmitters.

true

Cannabis can worsen the course of schizophrenia.

true

______ is a receptor for cannabinoids primarily found in the brain.

cb1

The primary psychoactive agent in marijuana that has been most studied is________.

THC

The endocannabinoid system

all of the other choices

The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids report by the national academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017) concluded that there is substantial evidence for the treatment for all of the below with cannabis or cannabinoids EXCEPT.

epilepsy

All of the following EXCEPT __________ are effects of marijuana use.

Increased sensitivity to pain

Which of the following is FALSE?

The peak blood concentration of THC when someone has ingested cannabis edibles occurs within 1-2 hours

Recent UN World Drug Report results indicate about ______ of people use marijuana worldwide yearly?

about 4 percent

Cannabis withdrawal is a disorder first included in the DSM-5

true

Which of the following is true?

Retrograde neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic neuron to influence the presynaptic neuron

Synthetic marijuana is a stronger agonist than regular marijuana

true

Which of the following statements describes the conclusions/recommendations of professional committee reports on the effects of marijuana?

The most recent report published in 2017 describes barriers to research evaluating the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids.

Marijuana effects which of the following neurotransmitters?

All of the other choices

Which of the following is true regarding the research evidence on the social/environmental effects of marijuana?

None of the other choices

Cannabis use

Results in acute suppression of immune system

A ___________ is a cigar that is emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana

blunt

There is a lot about cannabis that we do not know because of the lack of research that has been conducted and the methodological limitations of research that has been conducted.

true

People who see sounds as colors have what condition?

synesthesia

Which of the following is true about ketamine?

all

Which of the following is not a common effect of LSD?

Auditory hallucinations

Which statement is true for all hallucinogens?

They alter perception and states of consciousness

When psychedelics are used in combination with psychotherapy, the drug is administered orally at home the evening before the meeting with the therapist.

false

The active chemical in hallucinogenic mushrooms is ______; the active chemical in peyote is _____.

Psilocybin; mescaline

PCP is thought to act by influencing receptors for __________.

Glutamate

A sudden recurrence of a hallucinogenic experience is a ________.

flashback

Ayahuasca tea contains what substance?

DMT

________ is derived from a plant in the sage family and is considered to be the most potent of any naturally-occurring hallucinogens.

Sativa

Which of the following drugs has been associated with long-term deficits in serotonin activity?

MDMA

The general consensus among experts is that serotonergic hallucinogens may precipitate or exacerbate psychotic disorders in vulnerable people, but are not generally thought to cause a psychotic disorder.

True

What is the ratio of potency between LSD and psilocybin?

100:1

An advantage of new "2c" synthetic hallucinogens is that they tend to be safer to use.

false

Activation of the 5-HT serotonin receptor is thought to be the key factor in producing visual hallucinations in serotonergic hallucinogens.

true

What substance has been found to reduce anxiety and depression in advanced cancer patients?

Psilocybin

Which are the hallucinogens that are either approved or are being researched currently as a treatment component of psychological disorders?

Psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine

Atropine and scopolamine are ______ for _______.

Antagonists; acetylcholine

Which of the following is a sympathomimetic drug?

All of these are correct

Violent psychotic reactions have been reported with use of PCP.

true

The hallucinogenic effects of _______ were discovered by accident when _______ accidentally spilled some on his hand.

LSD; Albert Hofmann

Which of the following drugs would give the user a dream-like high and leave the user with a poor memory for events that occurred while under the influence?

Atropine

Which of the following is NOT true of MDMA (Ecstasy)?

Visual hallucinations are a common effect

Which of the following is true of serotonergic hallucinogens?

They are sympathomimetic and produce visual hallucinations

Which of the following drugs would be most likely to produce changes/distortions in perception of one's body?

Ketamine

Which of the following is/are true regarding hallucinations

all of these are correct

Which of the following is true of PCP?

All of these are correct

Methadone maintenance treatment

Both of the other content answers

According to the Transtheoretical Stages of Change model, individuals who are weighing the pros and cons of change

Are in the contemplation stage

__________ is a self-help group that does not include any spirituality component that helps people look at their motives for use, and their beliefs, emotions, and behavior.

SmART

All of the following except ______ are used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder

Buprenorphine

Harm reduction interventions condone substance use and really do not have any research support for them.

false

Which of the following influence treatment settings and services?

All of the other choices

Most people who get treatment for substance use disorder go to outpatient treatment.

true

Regularly attending self-help groups is associated with higher rates of abstinence.

true

Which of the following is FALSE regarding substance use treatment

Frequently has moderation in use as a treatment goal for severe substance use disorders

Motivational enhancement therapy is basically

Helping someone think about and identify personal reasons to change

The advantage of using ______ for the treatment of opioid use disorder is that if someone takes it other than as directed, they will put themselves into opioid withdrawal.

Suboxone

The best way to approach treatment for someone who has a substance use disorder and a non-AOD psychological disorder is

For the person to have integrated treatment that addresses both types of disorders

There are specific medications to treat the withdrawal from

Alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids

Treatment outcome for substance use disorder is better if people stay in treatment for at least 6 months.

true

Treatment for substance use disorders always includes medication.

false

Psychological interventions include

Relapse prevention, motivational enhancement, and finding alternative sources of reinforcement

Which of the following is true?

Some treatments are actually based on the 12 steps

CRAFT

All of the other choices

The ASAM criteria

all of these choices

- are 6 dimensions of information that are important to assess when planning treatment

-include the likelihood of a client experiencing withdrawal symptoms

-include the extent to which a client is accepting or resistant to treatment

What is typically the first step in the substance use treatment process?

Assessment

An important treatment component is to help the client find another way to get the reinforcement that they used to get from their substance.

true

Motivational enhancement is basically

Helping someone think about and identify personal reasons to change

In helping someone think about changing, it is helpful to have the person explore both the reasons to change and the reasons not to change.

True

Recent UN World Drug Report results indicate about ______ of people use marijuana worldwide yearly?