Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Flashcards about Understanding Life-Span Human Development

__ is defined as systematic changes and continuities in an individual between conception and death.

Systematic changes AND continuities in an individual that occur between conception & death.

__ refers to physical changes from conception to maturity.

Physical changes from conception to maturity.

__ refers to the deterioration of organisms that leads to death.

Deterioration of organisms that leads to death.

__ involves physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes, both positive and negative, in a mature organism.

Physical, cognitive, & psychosocial changes—both positive AND negative in a mature organism.

The __ spans from conception to birth.

Conception to birth.

__ covers the first 2 years of life, with the first month being the neonatal period.

First 2 years of life (the first month is the neonatal or newborn period).

The __ spans 2-5 or 6 years.

2-5 or 6 years.

__ lasts from age 6 to about 10, or until puberty begins.

6 to about 10 (or until the onset of puberty).

__ occurs between the ages of approximately 10-18.

Approximately 10-18.

__ happens around 18-25 years or even later.

18-25 or even later.

__ is between 25-40 years.

25-40 years.

__ typically happens between 40-65 years.

40-65 years.

__ begins at the age of 65 and older.

65 years and older.

__ is a socially defined age group in a society, assigned different roles, responsibilities, statuses, and privileges.

Socially defined age group in a society that are assigned different roles, responsibilities, statuses, privileges.

__ is a ritual that marks a person’s passage from one status to another.

Ritual that marks a person’s passage from one status to another.

__ represent society’s expectations for how people should act at a certain age.

Society’s way of telling people how to act their age.

__ is a person’s sense of when things should be done, dictated by age norms.

Person’s sense of when things should be done and when they are ahead of or behind schedule dictated by age norms.

__ refers to a person's group affiliation based on common heritage or traditions.

People’s classification/affiliation with a group based on common heritage or traditions.

__ refers to standing in society based on occupational prestige, education, and income.

Standing in society based on occupational prestige, education, & income.

__ are products of a complex interplay between nature and nurture

Developmental changes are the products of a complex interplay between nature and nurture.

The __ is the belief that investigators should allow their systematic observations to determine the merits of their thinking.

Belief that investigators should allow their systematic observations determine the merits of their thinking which involves generating ideas and testing them by making observations.

__ are propositions intended to describe and explain certain phenomena.

Propositions intended to describe and explain certain phenomena.

__ are predictions regarding a particular set of observations.

Predictions regarding a particular set of observations.

A __ is a group of individuals studied.

Group of individuals studied

__ identifies all members of a larger population and randomly selects a portion to study.

Identifies ALL members of larger population & randomly selects a portion to study

__ involves asking people questions about themselves or others.

Asking people questions about themselves or others through interviews, written questionnaires/surveys, ability/achievement tests, or personality scales.

__ involves observing people in everyday surroundings

Observing people in everyday surroundings. Can be used to study children.

__ consists of hormones, heart rate, skin conductance, and brain activity.

Hormones, heart rate, skin conductance, brain activity.

__ measures increase in blood flow to brain area when that brain area is active.

Measures increase in blood flow to brain area when that brain area is active.

A __ is an in-depth examination of one or a few individuals.

In-depth examination of one (or a few) individuals

In an __, the invesitgator manipulates a variable to see how it affects a sample of individuals.

Investigator manipulates variable to see how this affects behavior of sample of individuals studied.

The __ variable is one that is manipulated so that causal effects can be assessed.

Variable that is manipulated so that causal effects can be assessed or the cause.

The __ variable is expected to be affected by the independent variable.

Variable expected to be affected by the independent variable or the effect.

The __ determines if 2 or more variables are related in a systematic way.

Determine if 2 or more variables are related in a systematic way without random assignment and without manipulation of IV.

The __ is an index of the strength of relationship between two variables of interest.

Index of strength of relationship between two variables of interest that ranges from +1.00 to -1.00.

__ synthesizes the results of multiple studies addressing the same question.

Results of multiple studies addressing the same question synthesized to produce overall conclusions.

In a __, different age groups are compared to provide information about age differences.

Different age groups are compared to provide information about age differences called age effects.

In a __, one cohort of individuals is assessed repeatedly over time to provide information about age changes.

One cohort of individuals is assessed repeatedly over time to provide information about age changes.

__ are standards of conduct to protect research participants from physical or psychological harm.

Standards of conduct to protect research participants from physical/psychological harm.

__ must be voluntary; it respects participants’ right to refuse, drop out, and refuse data usage.

Must be voluntary (no pressure to participate), obtain “assent” or agreement of individual in vulnerable populations, and must respect participants’ right to refuse, drop out, and refuse data usage.

__ includes telling participants about a study afterward and ensuring they do not feel upset.

Tell participants about study afterward, explain true purpose, and ensure participants do not feel upset.

__ requires researchers to not harm research participants physically or psychologically.

Researchers bound to not harm research participants physically or psychologically.

__ is the ethical responsibility to keep information collected confidential.

Ethical responsibility to keep information collected confidential.