Studied by 16 people
Electrically charged particle due to loss of electron
Cation
Electrically charged particles due to the gain of an electron
Anion
Neutral subatomic particle
Neutron
Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties
Atom
Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons the atom contains.
A) True
B) False
False
A chemical bond is an energy relationship between outer (valence) electrons of neighboring atoms.
A) True
B) False
True
If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?
A) 37 protons and 37 neutrons
B) 74 protons
C) 37 protons and 37 electrons
D) 37 electrons
74 protons
Atoms that are bonded with an electronegativity difference of 0-0.4 are generally considered to be _______.
A) Negatively charged compounds
B) Non-polar covalent compounds
C) Polar-covalent compounds
D) Ionic compounds
Non-polar covalent compounds
Which of the following describes a chemical bond that involves sharing of pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule?
A) A cation
B) A covalent bond
C) A ion
D) An ionic bond
A covalent bond
The four elements that make up about 96% of your body are______.
A) Sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen
B) Nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
C) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
D) Carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
An atom with three valence electrons may have a total of _______ electrons.
A) 17
B) 13
C) 8
D) 3
13
A(n) ________ bond means that two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.
A) Triple bond
B) Single Bond
C) Double Bond
D) Ionic bond
Double bond
A polar covalent bond ______.
A) Has equal attraction of the electron pair between the bonded atoms
B) Has unequal attraction of the electron pair between the bonded atoms
Has equal attraction of the electron pair between the bonded atoms
The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration.
A) True
B) False
True
Weak acids can act as chemical buffering systems for the body because they only partially dissociate.
A) True
B) False
True
Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of the body by releasing or binding hydrogen ions.
A) True
B) False
True
The normal pH of blood is 7.00-7.25
A) True
B) False
False
The acidity of a solution reflects the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.
A) True
B) False
True
Which statement best describes a pH indicator?
A) Changes color when exposed to different levels of OH-
B) Changes color when exposed to different levels of weak acids
C) Changes color when exposed to different levels of weak bases
D) Changes color when exposed to different levels of H+
Changes color when exposed to different levels of H+
In water, a substance that ionizes completely in solution is called a ______.
A) semiconductor
B) strong electrolyte
C) non electrolyte
D) weak electrolyte
E) non conductor
strong electrolyte
______ atoms attract electrons very strongly.
A) Electropositive
B) Electroneutral
C) Electronegative
D) Electrostable
Electronegative
Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?
A) HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O
B) NH3 + H+ --> NH4+2
C) HCl --> H+ + Cl-
D) NaOH --> Na+ + OH-
HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O
Which of the following statements is false?
A) The pH of blood is slightly basic
B) The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more acidic the solution
C) When acids and bases are mixed, they react with each other to form water and a salt
D) When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the hydroxyl ion concentration also decreases
When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the hydroxyl ion concentration also decreases
A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ______.
A) metabolic acidosis
B) respiratory alkalosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory acidosis
respiratory acidosis
A mixture is prepared by dissolving 2 g of KCl in 100 ml of H2O. In this mixture, H2O is the ______.
A) solution
B) solute
C) solvent
D) solid
E) ionic compound
solvent
The single most important blood buffer system is the bicarbonate buffer system.
A) True
B) False
True
______ are proton acceptors and decrease the concentration of H+ ions in solution.
Buffers
Weak acids paired with weak bases can be used to ______ pH
Balance
It is the high number of ______ bonds that attract water molecules to each other and polar solutes in solution.
Hydrogen
A ______ is a layer of water molecules enveloping dissolved solutes in solution.
Hydration layer
______ is the water volume found inside every cell in the human body.
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Patient #1 ABG Results: pH= 7.2, Pco2= 57 mmHg, HCO3-=25 mEq/L
A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis
B) partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
C) uncompensated metabolic acidosis
D) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
Patient #2 ABG Results: pH= 7.49, Pco2= 37 mmHg, HCO3-=29 mEq/L
A) partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
B) partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
C) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
D) uncompensated respiratory acidosis
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
Patient #3 ABG Results: pH= 7.54, Pco2= 49 mmHg, HCO3-= 32 mEq/L
A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis
B) partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
C) uncompensated metabolic acidosis
D) partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
Amino acids that are not synthesized in the body and must be obtained from the diet are referred to as ______.
A) imcomplete
B) polar
C) complete
D) nonpolar
E) essential
Essential
Purines are small, single-ring nitrogen-containing bases.
A) True
B) False
False
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles of humans in the form of ______.
A) amylose
B) glycogen
C) starch
D) cholesterol
Glycogen
A carbonyl group consists of ______.
A) carbon and oxygen attached by a single bond
B) carbon and oxygen attached by a double bond
C) a carbon-oxygen-carbon attached by single bonds
D) a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen attached by single bonds
E) carbon and oxygen attached by triple bonds
carbon and oxygen attached by a double bond
Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.
A) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases
B) RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C
C) Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, tDNA
D) DNA is found exclusively in the cytoplasm of the cell
DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases
Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural arrangements of atoms are called ______.
A) isotopes
B) isomers
C) isometrics
D) isozymes
E) indicators
Isomers
Phospholipids can interact with other lipids and water because they contain ______.
A) glycerol
B) cholesterol
C) double bonds
D) saturated fatty acids
E) polar regions and nonpolar regions
Polar regions and nonpolar regions
What type of isomer is this show in the image?
Cis-trans isomer
The sugar also known as dextrose, and blood sugar is ______.
A) sucrose
B) fructose
C) glucose
D) lactose
Glucose
In the L- isomer of a monosaccharide, the OH- group farthest from the carbonyl is written
A) on the left
B) on the right
C) on the top
D) on the bottom
on the left
______ is the basis of steroid hormones and vitamin D and may contribute to clogged arteries when increased levels form plaques.
A) Carbohydrates
B) Triglycerides
C) Prostaglandins
D) Cholesterol
Cholesterol
A clear blue color in a Benedict’s test indicates the presence of aldehyde groups.
A) True
B) False
False
Which of the following is involved in tertiary protein structure?
A) interactions between two different polypeptides
B) alpha helix
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) beta-pleated sheets
Hydrophobic interactions
Which of the following is not true of proteins?
A) They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity
B) Their function depends n their three-dimensional shape
C) They have both functional and structural roles in the body
D) They appear to be the molecular carriers of genetic information
They appear to be the molecular carriers of genetic information
Which of the following is involved in primary protein structure?
A) peptide bonds
B) salt bridges
C) hydrogen bonds
D) hydrophobic interactions
Peptide bonds
A red blood cell will undergo crenation in ______.
A) hypertonic solution
B) hypotonic solution
C) isotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
This structure represents a saturated fatty acid.
A) True
B) False
True
Denaturation of a protein ______.
A) changes the primary structure of a protein
B) disrupts the secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure of a protein
C) is always reversible
D) can only occur in a protein with quaternary structure
disrupts the secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure of a protein
A monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms, one of which is a ketone group, is classified as a(n) ______.
A) aldopentose
B) ketotetrose
C) ketopentose
D) aldohexose
Ketopentose
The carbon atoms in a saturated hydrocarbons ______.
A) contain at least one double bond
B) contain a benzene ring
C) contain both a double and a triple bond
D) have only single bonds
E) contain at least one triple bond
Have only single bonds
Introns are the only regions in genes that contain information for building proteins.
A) True
B) False
False
The alpha helix of a protein is held together by ______ between two distant amino acids in a polypeptide.
A) double covalent bonds
B) disulfide bridges
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds
In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?
A) double
B) glycosidic
C) dehydration
D) peptide
Glycosidic
A gene can best be defined as ______.
A) a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid
B) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for synthesizing a polypeptide chain
C) an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide
D) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long
a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for synthesizing a polypeptide chain
In the process known as osmosis, __ moves through a semipermeable membrane into an area of ____ concentration.
A) solute, lower solute
B) solvent, lower solute
C) solvent, higher solvent
D) solvent, lower solvent
E) solute, higher solute
Solvent, lower solvent
Which statement is false?
A) All lipids contain fatty acids
B) Lipids are found in the cell membrane
C) Lipids are soluble in organic solvents
D) There are many different types of lipids
E) Some hormones are lipids
All lipids contain fatty acids
Galactose is a ______.
A) disaccharide
B) trisaccharide
C) monosaccharide
D) polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
The structural formulas of all amino acids are the same except for the ______.
A) alpha carbon
B) ammonium group
C) carboxylate group
D) R goup
R group
What specific type of reaction is depicted in the image?
Dehydration synthesis
What specific type of reaction is depicted in the image?
Hydrolysis
Identify each part of the nucleotide (from left to right).
Is this a DNA or RNA nucleotide?
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base. This is a DNA nucleotide.
What best describes this organic molecule?
Monosaccharide
What best describes this organic molecule?
Amino acid
What best describes this organic molecule?
Triglyceride
One DNA triplet codes for one amino acid.
A) True
B) False
True
Active transport uses ATP to move particles from high to low particles.
A) True
B) False
False
DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.
A) True
B) False
False
Polyribosomes produce multiple copies of that same protein.
A) True
B) False
True
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
A) True
B) False
True
Editing and capping of the mRNA takes place in the cytoplasm.
A) True
B) False
False
Proteins are not involved in determining the chemical and physical nature of cells.
A) True
B) False
False
Transcription cannot begin until the RNA polymerase binds and unwinds the DNA double helix.
A) True
B) False
True
New tRNA molecules enter the ribosomes and dock at the P site.
A) True
B) False
False
Translation takes place in the nucleus of the cell.
A) True
B) False
False
The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ______.
A) mRNA
B) ssRNA
C) tRNA
D) rRNA
tRNA
An enzyme’s ____ binds a(n) ____ and forms a(n) ____.
A) substrate, enzyme-substrate, active site
B) active site, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex
C) product, substrate, active site
D) catalyst, active site, substrate
active site, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex
Which of the following statements regarding integral proteins is false?
A) They have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
B) They are firmly inserted into the plasma membrane
C) They are loosely attached to the intra- or extracellular surface of plasma membrane
D) They can function as transport proteins, enzymes, or receptors
They are loosely attached to the intra- or extracellular surface of plasma membrane
Which of the following is the correct order of events on Transcription?
A) DNA synthesis, mRNA synthesis, mRNA processing
B) Initiation, Elongation, Termination
C) Elongation, Processing, Migration
D) Initiation, Termination, Elongation
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, they what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?
A) ACGTT
B) GUACC
C) TGCAA
D) UGCAA
UGCAA
_____ is the diffusion of a solvent through a _____ membrane from a _____ solution into a more _____ one.
A) Osmosis, permeable, concentrated, dilute
B) Osmosis, selectively permeable, dilute, concentrated
C) Active transport, hydrophilic, hypotonic, hypertonic
D) Active transport, hydrophobic, hypertonic, hypotonic
Osmosis, selectively permeable, dilute, concentrated
Which of the following statements is true?
A) Catabolic reactions form large molecules from smaller molecules
B) Anabolic reactions reduce complex structures to simpler structures
C) Catabolic reactions absorb energy
D) Anabolic reactions form large molecules from smaller molecules
Anabolic reactions form large molecules from smaller molecules
Starting at the gene, select the correct sequence of nucleotide information during protein sunthesis.
A) anticodon, triplet, codon
B) triplet, codon, anticodon
C) triplet, codon, amino acid
D) codon, triplet, anticodon
Triplet, codon, anticodon
Once the transcription termination sequence has been reached the ______ and the pre-mRNA are released.
RNA polymerase
______ is located outside cells and includes blood plasma and interstitial fluid.
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
______ involves the passive movement of particles through channels or membrane carrier proteins.
Facilitated diffusion
Label each letter with the correct term.
A) Stimulus B) Receptor C) Input/afferent pathway D) Output/efferent pathway E) Response
______ prevents substrates from fitting into enzyme active sites.
Inhibitors
The fingers are ______ to the wrist.
Distal
The bridge of the nose is ______ to the left eye.
Medial
The stomach is ______ to the spine.
Ventral
The lungs are ______ to the heart.
Lateral
The upper arm is ______ to the forearm.
Proximal
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
A) to keep the body’s blood sugar level high
B) to maintain homeostasis
C) to regulate excretion via the kidneys
D) to control body movement
To maintain homeostasis
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ______.
A) enhancement of labor contractions
B) blood calcium level regulation
C) regulating glucose levels in the blood
D) body temperature regulation
Enhancement of labor contractions
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?
A) transverse
B) median
C) frontal
D) sagittal
Frontal
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ______.
A) covering individual lungs
B) lining the thoracic cavity
C) lining the abdominal cavity
D) covering the heart
Lining the thoracic cavity
