Research Methodology and Academic Writing Flashcards

266 Practice flashcards covering research methodology, academic ethics, and citation standards.

What are two key factors used to judge if a person is fit for research?

Ability to think out of the box and persistence in achieving results

True or False: Academic essays should be restricted to exactly 5 paragraphs.

False

According to the lecture, what is the ideal location to find sources for a research paper?

Library databases

For what reason should you take notes during your research process?

To organize your research

What is one element to avoid to ensure your research paper is academic and effective?

Avoid specific examples in your writing

Name three strategies to make a research paper more academic and effective.

Avoid overly emotional language, avoid slang and cliché expressions, and use academic vocabulary

True or False: The length of a source is a key question to ask when determining its reliability.

False

Which questions are pertinent when determining the reliability of a source?

Who wrote the source, what is the date of the source, what is its purpose, and is it biased

According to the transcript, with what does a researcher commence their research after identified an issue?

Solution

True or False: Annotated bibliographies for college classes are always written in MLA format.

False

What term refers to the representation of the various elements of the target population and consists of guidelines for specifying it?

Sampling frame

What are three relevant achievements for hiring a junior researcher into a tenure-track position?

Author of a very impactful paper with a solution to an open problem, successful applicant in a selective funding program, and advisor of Master students

What are two major benefits of networking as a PhD student?

Establishing possible research collaborations and becoming known to more experienced researchers who may write reference letters

Why is successful competition in research funding vital for a researcher's progress?

Their appointment often does not include a research funding budget

True or False: Research funding is a highly competitive field.

True

Success in competitive research funding programs counts in which evaluation processes?

Hiring or promotion

How many reasons should argument essays have at minimum to support the argument?

$$3$$

What do audit services focus on to measure sales and assess market share?

Verification of product movement by investigating physical records or performing inventory analysis

Why is listing a colleague as a co-author when they have not contributed considered unethical?

Because it involves falsifying the colleague's contributions to strengthen their CV for promotion

True or False: Submitting the same paper in parallel to two conferences is unethical.

True

Why is it unethical for a reviewer to ask authors to extensively cite the reviewer's previous contributions?

It is a conflict of interest and misuses the review process to inflate citation metrics

Is it ethical to submit a proof for a conjecture mentioned in a seminar without citing the researcher who proposed the idea?

No

What type of data collection approach is considered more cost-efficient when research resources are limited?

Automated

What methodology involves investigating attitudes and behaviours using a case study approach through different points of time?

Longitudinal case study

True or False: Children can never be participating subjects in research.

False

What is a recommended search term for the topic of 'crime'?

Auto-theft statistics in Chicago

What is a recommended search term for the topic of 'national security'?

Visa screening policies

What is a recommended search term for the topic of 'Urban development'?

Smoking rules in public housing

What is a recommended search term for the topic of 'workplace ethics'?

Paid paternity leave for new fathers

True or False: Citing sources whenever you borrow words or ideas helps you avoid trouble in American universities.

True

Which methodology utilizes interviews, observations, documentation, and audiovisual sources for extensive data collection?

Case study

In qualitative research, what combination offers the whole essence of the experience with a phenomenon?

Textural and structural descriptions

What allows an organization to understand customer segments and reflect on best practices for target market decisions?

The combination of survey data and databases

Who should a promotion applicant select when suggesting names for potential external reviewers?

Well known and respected scientists who are familiar with his work and are likely to express a positive opinion

What specific proven skill should a reference letter for a permanent academic position contain?

Skills as a supervisor and mentor of younger researchers

What are three important factors to consider when choosing to enter a PhD program?

Funding availability for salary and travel, presence of strong researchers in your area, and a lively, competitive research environment

What should be applied to assess the internal and external validity of conclusions drawn from a case study?

Threat analysis

True or False: A case study may concern the use of a proposed new artifact to validate usability in a practical setting.

True

True or False: In algorithms computing exact solutions, precision and recall are equal to $1$.

True

Algorithm precision is less than $1$ for algorithms that compute what?

False positives

Algorithm recall is less than $1$ for algorithms that produce what?

False negatives

If 'a' is 'All beans in the bag are white', 'b' is 'These beans are from the bag', and 'c' is 'These beans are white', what kind of inference is 'a' + 'b' -> 'c'?

Deduction leading to a necessary conclusion

What kind of inference is 'a' + 'c' -> 'b' if 'a' is 'All beans are white' and 'c' is 'These beans are white'?

Induction leading to a non-necessary conclusion

What kind of inference is 'b' + 'c' -> 'a' if 'b' is 'These beans are from the bag' and 'c' is 'These beans are white'?

Induction leading to a non-necessary conclusion

What type of sampling is a two-stage restricted judgemental sampling adopted in street interviewing?

Snowball

True or False: Creating a formal or informal outline helps organize ideas for a logical research paper.

True

Against what do political-minded critical ethnographers aim to use their research to speak?

Inequality

An algorithm that finds a name that is not a person's name generates what kind of result?

False positive

An algorithm that fails to find an occurrence of a person's name in a text generates what?

False negative

True or False: Data collected from human subjects must be anonymized before disclosure.

True

What is a typical deductive inference rule mentioned in the lecture?

Modus ponens

Under what condition are consequences in deductive inference guaranteed to be true?

If the premises are true

What can deductive inferences be used to generate from a given theory?

Predictions

What broad components does a qualitative study design commence with?

Assumptions regarding qualitative inquiry and the theoretical lens

Which scale uses opposite pairs of words or phrases, such as 'reliable (1) to unreliable (7)'?

Semantic differential

What is the usual scale range for a semantic differential rating?

$1$ to $7$

True or False: A documented essay can be written without using any sources.

False

What are the two common types of documented essays?

Illustration or argument essays

What is the descriptive nature of qualitative research that leads to no agreed process in project design?

Unstructured

In population management, each element must be allocated to how many strata?

One and only one

True or False: EasyBib always creates a correctly formatted Works Cited entry.

False

True or False: Bibliometric data are particularly valuable for cross-sector comparisons, like Mechanical Engineering versus Biology.

True

True or False: All sources of bibliometric data (Google Scholar, Scopus) provide identical values for an H-index.

False

True or False: Bibliometric indicators are objective and cannot be tweaked.

False

What should bibliometric indicators inform rather than substitute in a researcher's evaluation?

Personal, detailed, and rigorous judgement by experts

Which type of ethnography represents an objective picture of a situation using third-person narration?

Realist

True or False: Every research assignment in college will have different requirements.

True

True or False: Every research paper must have at least one statistic to be effective.

False

A customer database or a mailing list are examples of what?

Sampling frame

What type of interviews permit sensitivity to nonverbal feedback and body language?

Personal interviews

Survey approaches are based upon the development of what kind of questionnaires?

Standardised

Which data collection approach lacks the restrictions of a group process?

In-depth interviews

What is defined as the procedure of assigning numbers or symbols to attributes of objects according to specific rules?

Measurement

What term describes the electronic devices that automatically record behavior supplemented by a diary?

Diary media panels

True or False: In some scientific areas, conferences and journals are considered equally selective.

True

True or False: The publication process for journals usually takes longer than for conferences.

True

True or False: You should always write complete sentences when taking notes on an article for research.

False

Market research data should be integrated from which two source types to assist strategic decision-making?

Internal and external

In action research, activities like attending, sensing, and imaging demonstrate which general empirical approach?

Experience

What is 'Green Open Access'?

Authors publish then self-archive a copy in a freely accessible institutional online archive or personal website

What does 'Gold Open Access' mean?

The author publishes in a journal that makes the work immediately, publicly, and freely available

How do you integrate a quote well into your own writing?

Use only the important part of the quote and blend it with your own words

True or False: Humans participating as subjects in research must be paid.

False

True or False: Human subjects can only be the subjects of research in life sciences and social sciences.

False

True or False: EasyBib will always supply all information needed to format a citation if you paste a link.

False

What information must you provide for a YouTube video citation in EasyBib beyond the link?

The author of the video and publication date

Which case study type chooses multiple cases to investigate different aspects of an issue?

Multiple case study

In action research, what activity involves producing and gathering data with others to review findings?

Engaging

During which stage of action research are plans implemented and interventions made collaboratively?

Act

What type of responses in a survey require selecting from a prearranged set?

Fixed

What consists of integrated databases developed to support decision making and accessible via data mining?

Datawarehouse

True or False: In-depth interviews can reveal hidden motivations.

True

True or False: Individual one-to-one interaction makes interviewees feel their point of view is real importance.

True

Industrial firms focus on direct inquiries and corporate reports to assess market potential in which type of services?

Industrial

True or False: In exponential discriminative snowball sampling, the researcher screens individuals carefully before inclusion.

True

What are two required preconditions for human subject participation in research?

Informed and uncoerced consent

In phenomenology, what are common data collection tools besides interviews?

Observations, journals, reports, and music

What is a 'textural description' in phenomenology?

A description regarding the experiences of participants using significant statements and themes

Which sampling method divides the target population into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulations?

Cluster

Which scale uses a single adjective located in the center of a 10-point scale ranging from $+5$ to $-5$?

Stapel