IGCSE History: International Relations Since 1919

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to international relations since 1919 as studied in the IGCSE History course.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing severe reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

GARGLE

An acronym representing the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles: Guilt, Arms restrictions, Reparations, German Territory, League of Nations.

Article 231

The clause in the Treaty of Versailles that placed the blame for the war solely on Germany.

Reparations

Payments imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles, amounting to 6.6 billion pounds.

Anschluss

The unification of Austria and Germany, banned by the Treaty of St. Germain.

Diktat

A dictated peace, referring to the terms imposed on Germany without negotiation at Versailles.

League of Nations

An international organization founded after World War I to maintain peace, which ultimately proved ineffective.

Hyperinflation

An economic condition characterized by rapidly rising prices, experienced by Germany in the early 1920s.

Manchuria

A region in Northeast China invaded by Japan in 1931, highlighting the League of Nations' failure to maintain peace.

Appeasement

A diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to aggressor nations, notably used by Britain and France in the 1930s.

Nazi-Soviet Pact

The non-aggression treaty signed between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939, allowing for territorial expansion by both parties.

Detente

A period of improved relations between the USA and USSR during the 1970s, characterized by negotiations to reduce hostilities.

Solidarity

A social movement in Poland during the 1980s that sought to challenge Soviet control and promote workers' rights.

Perestroika

A policy of economic reform introduced by Gorbachev in the Soviet Union aimed at restructuring the economy.

Glasnost

A policy of increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities, introduced by Gorbachev.