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What do you think 3 reasons for the French Revolution beginning and why did they contribute to its beginning?
Enlightenment Ideas, American Revolution, poor treatment from Nobles
King and Queen of France during the French Revolution
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
What brought an end to the French Revolution
Napoleon Bonaparte
The different causes of unrest in France during the 1700s
Bad Harvests
High prices
High taxes
Enlightenment ideas
3 Estates of France
1st - Roman Catholic Church
2nd - French Nobles
3rd - middle class merchants (bourgeoisie), urban lower class, peasant farmers (97% of population, paid most of the taxes)
The Motto of the French Revolution
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
Where Marie Antoinette was from
Austria
Execution device of the French Revolution and its nickname
The Guillotine, nickname “National Razor”
Estates-General
assembly from all 3 estates, to approve new taxes (first messing of Estates General in 175 years)
National Convention
Take control of the French Revolution
Abolish monarchy and declare France a republic
a single-chamber assembly in France from September 20, 1792, to October 26, 1795
Why was Bastille stormed by rioters?
July 14, 1789 rumors are flying in Paris that Louis may use the military to shut down National Assembly
Rioters looking for weapons to defend themselves to form a Parisian prison
Massacre guards and put their heads on pikes, but don’t find the weapons or gunpowder
Considered the beginning of the French Revolution
What is Bastille Day
July 14th
What did the National Assembly do to Louis XVI’s power?
Made him sign the constitution that made him a limited constitutional monarch
It also created the Legislative Assembly
Leader of the Jacobin party
Maximillien Robespierre
Editor of the Jacobin Newspaper and the voice of the revolution
Jean-Paul Marat
Who France had supported in war that contributed to their debt
American colonists in war with Great Britain
What ultimately happens to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?
They both get beheaded
Fate of the 3 Jacobin leaders we discussed
Robespierre: Executed by the National Convention
July 13, 1793, Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated by a young French woman claiming to have list of Revolution enemies
Stabs him to death in his medicinal bath
April 5, 1794, Georges Danton is charged by Robespierre as being lenient on Revolution enemies and is sent to guillotine
What is a coup d’etat
Means “blow to the state”, sudden overthrow of govt it usually by force
What ends the Reign of Terror?
The death (execution) of Robespierre
The only major battle that Napoleon loses in his drive for European empire
The Battle of Trafalgar
How much does Napoleon sells the Louisiana Territory?
$15 million
What political group Napoleon had loose affiliation with during the French Revolution?
Jacobin
France’s neighbors view and response to the French Revolution
They saw it as a treat and wanted to sign a treaty to end the revolution
Disastrous invasion that forevers weakens Napoleon
Russia continues trading with Great Britain after Napoleon forbid it
Invades Russia with 420,000 men
Russians continue to retreat and practice scorched-earth policy, burning everything they left behind so French troops couldn’t use it
Even city of Moscow was destroyed by Russians to prevent Napoleon from gaining it
Brutal Russian winter hits and devastates French forces
As French retreat from Russia they are attacked relentlessly
Only 10,000 soldiers left able to fight
Concert of Europe
alliance of European nations to come to aid of another if revolution broke out
Holy Alliance
Russia, Austria, and Prussia agree to deal with other nations in Christian manner to combat forces of revolution
Things about Napoleon becoming and the symbolic significance of it
In 1802, constitutional amendment made Napoleon consul for life
In 1804, he crowned himself emperor at Notre Dame
Pope had always crowned French rulers
He stole the crown from the Pope
Symbolic significance of Napoleon becoming emperor?
Church lost its power
Napoleon will not subdue or be under any power
(IDK TBH)
The “5 Great Powers” at the Congress of Vienna
Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, France
Metternich’s goals at the Congress of Vienna
Surround France with strong nations to prevent further aggression
Restore balance of power in Europe, so no country would be threat to others
Restore Europe’s royal families to the thrones they held before Napoleon
Outcome of the Congress of Vienna
1st time nations of entire continent come together to control political affairs
No country was left bearing a grudge
Did not sow seeds of future wars
No war in Europe for 40 years
The escape attempt by Louis XVi and his family
Fearing for the safety of his family and himself, royal family escapes during night
Put on ordinary clothes (royal children all dressed up as girls)
Make dash for Austrian Netherlands border
Question: Why here?
Marie Antoinette is Austrian
They are recognized and arrested 31 miles from freedom
Infuriates French people, royal family confined to palace in Paris
