Procedures Trauma Test

list 3 symptoms or changes that could mean the patient is going into shock

cool/clamy skin, loss of consciousness, excessive sweating

if a patient has bluish nail beds this could mean which of the following

circulation compromise

if a patient has extreme eversion of the foot, this is usually a sign of

fractured hip/proximal femur

increased drowsiness can be a result of which of the following

head injury, shock, hyperglycemia

when a patient experiences nerve damage or spinal cord damage what are 2 symptoms they might present with

paralysis (cannot feel touch), inability to move a limb

if the abdominal region starts to become hard to the touch or distended after trauma, you should be concerned about what

the patient having internal bleeding from a pelvic fracture

a seizure after trauma usually means the patient has suffered

a head injury

describe a vasovagal reaction

reflex of involuntary nervous system. Patient may complain of nausea, feeling flushed (warm), and feeling light headed

an airway compromise could be detected by observing the patients skin, what should you look for pertaining to the skin

it will be bluish in color

which of the following could lead to the patient having a symptom of vomiting

drug or ethanol overdose

list 3 causes that could lead to slurred speech

head injury, stroke, drug/ethanol influence

diaphoresis means

excessive sweating

hyperemesis means

vomiting

which of the following describes a CVA

cerebrovascular accident

a patient who complains of thirst could be having a

hyperglycemic attack, hypoglycemic attack, and shock

the drug meperidine (demerol) is used for

pain management

the drug adrenaline (epinephrine) is used for

cardiac arrest

the drug glucagons is used for

hypoglycemia

the drug morphine is used for

pain management

the drug promethazine (phenergan)

sedation, nausea

the drug diazepam (valium) is used for

anxiety

the drug adenosine (adenocard) is used for

arrhythmia

the drug amidodarone (cordarone) is used for

arrhythmia

the drug atropine is used for

bradycardia

the drug dexamethasone (Decadron) is used for

allergic reaction

the drug diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is used for

allergic reaction

the drug dobutamine (Dobutrex) is used for

shock

the drug furosemide (lasix)

edema

the drug phenytoin (dilantin) is used for

seizures

the drug sodium bicarbonate is used for

metabolic acidosis

the drug verapamil is used for

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

the drug procainamide (pronestyl)

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

the drug norepinephrine is used for

shock

the drug lidocaine is used for

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

the drug naloxen (narcan) is used for

opioid over dose

the drug versed (midazolam hydrochloride) is used for

pre op sedation

what is hypervolemic/hemorrhagic shock

a medical condition in which levels of blood plasma in the body are abnormally low

what is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

is commonly called a stroke and may cause thrombosis, embolism, or hemorrhage in the vessels of the brain

what is hyperglycemia

increased blood sugar

List 6 things found on a crash cart

oral/nasal airways, IV starter packs, AED, Oxygen masks, nasal cannula, saline flush, gauze, angiocaths

define trauma

a sudden, unexpected, dramatic, forceful, or violent event

what are some causes of traumatic events

blunt, penetrating, explosive, and thermal forces

what type of equipment is most utilized for trauma radiography, especially in the ER?

mobile radiography

what types of devices may need to be utilized to obtain images in trauma situations

immobilization devices

what are the primary responsibilities of the Radiography technician

perform quality diagnostic images, practical ethical radiation protection, provide patient care

what are examples of status changes in a trauma patient

cool/clammy skin, excessive sweating, confusion, vomiting, loss of consciousness, blueish nail beds

how would you assess status changes and how do you react to them when they occur

pay close attention to details and never leave your patient. If status changes occur notify medical professionals and get your patient to the ER

define speed in trauma situation

efficiency in producing quality images in the shortest amount of time possible

define accuracy in trauma situation

optimum image quality with minimum repeats

define quality in trauma situation

all diagnostic information is present and quality was not sacrificed for speed

why should you practice standard precautions

you may be exposed to bodily fluids

what is the rule of thumb when it comes to immobilization devices that are on the patient when they get to your department

never remove immobilization devices

how do you communicate with trauma patients? What if they are unconscious

normally- talk to them to reduce their anxiety and be reassuring with body language and make eye contact

what do you do if you have a patient with a gun shot wound

stop bleeding, mark entrance and exit wounds

what type of things might a radiologic technologist have to document in the patients chart

if you change the protocol: add additional images or replacing image with another image, if they have a status change

what other modalities might be used in trauma situations

CT and ultrasound

what type of positioning aides might help a radiographer in a trauma situations

sponges/immobilization devices

which of the following would absorb more radiation and therefore require higher technical factors, internal bleeding or bowel obstruction

internal bleeding

when localizing a foreign body/object you should mark what 2 points (gunshot wound)

mark the entrance and exit points

what type of things can you do to maintain radiation protection during a trauma radiography

collimate, minimize repeats

you should never assume the patient can’t ______

hear

what is the definition of a wound

bodily injuries caused by physical means with disruption of normal continuity of structures

symptoms for wounds

pain and bleeding

medical intervention for wounds

apply pressure to ensure bleeding is stopped for 10 plus minutes. One bleeding is controlled bandage is tied or taped on

definition of wound dehiscence

uncommon occurrence in which a patient’s suture separates and abdominal contents spill out

medical intervention for wound dehiscence

place sterile dressing over abdomen have patient bend forward to relieve pressure and seek medical attention immediately

what does a 1st degree burn pertain to

affects the epidermis (outer layer of skin) and is equivalent to mild sunburn

what does a 2nd degree burn pertain to

affects the epidermis and part of the dermis. Appears blistered, red, and swollen

what does a 3rd degree burn pertain to

destroys epidermis and dermis and may go as far as subcutaneous tissue and appears white or charred

what does a 4th degree burn pertain to

affects underlying bones, muscles, and tendons and nerve ending are destroyed

definition of a fracture

a break in the bone

what is a closed fracture

does not break through the skin

what is an open (compound) fracture

the bone does project through the skin

what is a non-displaced fracture

the bone retains normal alignment

what is a displaced fracture

bones are not in anatomic alignment

what is a non displaced fracture

the bone retains normal alignment

what is a compression fracture

wedged together at one end usually referring to vertebral column

what is a greenstick fracture

incomplete fracture of entire bone most common in children

what is a transverse fracture

horizontal break or straight line break

what is a spiral or oblique fracture

at an oblique angle or curves around the cortex of a bone

what is a comminuted fracture

more than 2 pieces

what is an impacted fracture

one edge wedged into the opposite end

what are symptoms of a fracture

pain, change in shape of body part, bleeding, shock

orthopedic devices consist of ______ for fractures

splints, casts, c-collars, halos, orthopedic socks, back boards, internal devices = replacements and nails/screws, external devices = external fixators,

assessment for spinal injuries

most common are c-collars and backboards. Must learn to get images without removing these

symptoms for spinal injuries

nausea, vomit, shock, tingling/numbness in extremities, incoherent, pain

medical intervention for spinal injuries

take images to see if the injuries need surgery

transportation for spinal injuries

patient is usually on backboard and easy to move with assistance

what does the least severe head trauma pertain to

they’re alert and conscious

what does a slightly more serious head trauma pertain to

drowsy but can be roused with loud speaking and touch

what does a more serous head trauma pertain to

unconscious and reacts to pain stimuli only

what does most serious head trauma pertain to

comatose and unresponsive to all stimuli

symptoms for head traumas

pain, slurred speech, unconsciousness, incoherent, bleeding, fractures

medical interventions for head trauma

medications, medical images, surgery, watch patient for changes