Lengua Española - Vocabulary Flashcards (Video Notes)

A set of vocabulary-style entries extracted from the lecture notes, covering linguistic terms, rhetoric, grammar, and literary movements.

Lingüística

Science that studies language, its structure, function, meaning, and use; divides into grammar, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics.

Gramática

Study of rules that govern language; includes syntax (sentence structure) and morphology (word formation).

Sujeto

The entity that performs the action or about which something is stated in a sentence.

Predicado

The part of a sentence that contains the verb and its complements, expressing the action or state.

Sujeto tácito

Subject implied in the verb form, not explicitly stated but understood.

Oración activa

A sentence in which the subject performs the action of the verb.

Oración pasiva

A sentence in which the subject receives the action; typically formed with ser + participle.

Pasiva refleja

Impersonal passive construction using se, where the agent is often omitted.

Verboides / derivados verbales

Non-personal verb forms that do not conjugate; includes infinitive, gerund, and participle.

Infinitivo

Non-finite verb form used as a noun or to form other forms; ends in -ar, -er, -ir (e.g., hablar, comer, vivir).

Gerundio

Non-finite verb form ending in -ando/-iendo; expresses ongoing action or functions as a adverbial or noun.

Participio

Non-finite form used as an adjective or with haber to form perfect tenses.

Perífrasis verbal

Combination of a verb with auxiliary verbs to express aspect, temporal, or modal nuances.

Hipérbaton

Figure of speech that alters normal word order for emphasis or effect.

Metáfora

A figure of speech that implicitly compares two unlike things without using like or as.

Paradoja

A statement that appears contradictory but reveals a truth upon reflection.

Antítesis

A figure that contrasts two opposing ideas or concepts.

Sinalefa

In poetry, elision or merging of syllables across word boundaries to fit meter.

Barbarismos

Diction errors: foreignisms, mispronunciations, archaisms, or inappropriate words.

Neologismos

Newly coined words or expressions used in language.

Arcaísmos

Old-fashioned words no longer common in contemporary usage.

Uso de B y V

Rules governing Spanish spellings of B and V, which represent the same phoneme in many contexts.

Denotación

Literal or referential meaning of a word or expression.

Connotación

Suggested, cultural, or emotional meanings beyond the literal sense.

Funciones de la lengua (Emotiva)

Expresses the speaker's emotions or attitude.

Funciones de la lengua (Apelativa)

Directs or influences the listener’s actions or behavior.

Funciones de la lengua (Poética)

Focused on making language artistic or aesthetic; used in poetry and literature.

Funciones de la lengua (Fática)

Checks and maintains contact in communication (e.g.,

Funciones de la lengua (Fática)

Checks if the message is received; used to establish or maintain contact.

Funciones de la lengua (Metalingüística)

Discusses language itself or clarifies language use.

Funciones de la lengua (Referencial)

Conveys information or references to the world; informational.

Discurso científico

Discourse aimed at explaining phenomena with rational, objective language.

Discurso político

Discourse intended to persuade, convince, or exhort regarding values or ideas.

Discurso literario

Discourse aimed at creating beauty or emotional effect through language.

Discurso periodístico

Discourse that represents reality; often concise, factual, and timely.

Discurso didáctico

Discourse designed to convey knowledge and teach skills.

Discurso publicitario

Discourse aimed at influencing purchasing behavior or attitudes.

Descriptiva (descripción)

Work that explains how people, places, or objects are like, with organized details.

Narrativa

Text that tells a sequence of events, often with characters and plot.

Género literario Realismo

Literary movement focusing on accurate, objective portrayal of society.

Género literario Romanticismo

Literary movement emphasizing emotion, individual experience, nature, and imagination.

Género literario Siglo de Oro

Spanish Golden Age (16th–17th centuries)—renovation and experimentation in literature.

Tremendismo

Postwar style (Cesla Cela) focusing on brutal, sensational realism.

Greguería

Humorous, concise, witty insight by Ramon Gomez de la Serna.

Novecentismo

Early 20th-century movement favoring rational, refined style and clarity; opposed Romanticism.

Generación del 98

Group reacting to Spain's crisis around 1898; renewal of literature and national identity; authors include Unamuno, Valle-Inclán, Machado.

Generación del 27

Cohort of poets including Lorca, Alberti, Cernuda; blend of tradition and avant-garde, Surrealism influence.

Posguerra española

Post–Civil War era under Franco: censorship, social pessimism, and Tremendismo in literature.

Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP)

Teaching method using real-world problems to drive student learning and inquiry.

Refranes

Short traditional sayings that convey common wisdom or cultural insights.

SínTagma (Syntagma)

Phrase unit consisting of a head and its modifiers; basic unit of sentence structure.

Verdadero/False en Literatura (Rasgos)

True/false statements about literary movements and authors used for comprehension.

Acentuación y puntuación

Rules governing accent marks and punctuation to alter meaning and clarity.