Purdue COM 114 Test Out Study Guide

What percent of a presentation does the Intro make up?

10%

What percent of a presentation does the Body make up?

85%

What percent of a presentation does the Conclusion make up?

5%

What should be included in the Intro?

capture attention of the audience, establish credibility, relate material to audience, announce topic, preview main points

What should be included in the Body?

supporting evidence and research

What should be included in the Conclusion?

restate thesis and main points, end with clincher

How do I answer questions I don't know?

be honest- ask if anyone in the audience knows the answer or say you'll research it and get back to them

How do I answer questions I know?

listen to entire question, be direct and concise, repeat the question

How can a speaker enhance credibility?

provide experiences, qualifications, educational background

How can a speaker not enhance credibility?

offending audience while making credibility statement

What is Ethos?

appeal to credibility

Example of Ethos?

As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results.

What is Pathos?

appeal to emotion

Example of Pathos?

You'll make the right decision because you have something that not many people do: you have heart.

What is Logos?

appeal to logic

Example of Logos?

You should not do drugs, they harm your health.

What is an Informative Presentation?

Presentation with a goal to inform the audience that an issue exists

What is an Explanative Presentation?

Presentation that deepens the understanding someone has of a topic

Why are visual aids important?

Increases clarity and retention, increases effectiveness in both the speaker and the presentation

Why are visual aids used?

They increase audience understanding of information

what are the four types of visual aids?

Pie chart, bar chart, and line chart

Pie Chart

used when comparing parts of a whole or percentages of the total

Bar chart

Used when making comparisons among different types of items to allow for easy visual ranking across items in a category

Line chart

Used for comparing charges over time in a set of data to examine trends

What are fallacies?

errors in logic

Straw person

when you ignore or misrepresent a person's position

EX: A biology teacher says that all things evolve, a student then says that humans could not have evolved from bugs

Red herring

when you use irrelevant topics to distract from the main topic EX: Mom gets phone bill and you've gone over your limit so you tell her about your math test

Slippery slope

some action will result in a chain of events that lead to a specific outcome EX: if you allow a student to redo a test, they will want to redo every assignment

Ad hominem

Irrelevant attacks are targeted towards a person or group instead of their argument EX: Lawyer attacks defendant's character instead of crime

False analogy

When 2 cases are not sufficiently parallel EX: Children are like dogs so they should go to the vet

Directional transition

Let the audience know you are moving to a new topic EX: next, then, thus

Signpost transition

Numerical indications of the main body points EX: First of all..., Secondly...

Internal preview

Preview material within the body EX: Next we'll look at..., Then we will focus on...

Internal summary

a short review statement given at the end of a main point

Eye-contact

Engages and includes the audience

Vocal variety

Variations in rate, force, and pitch

Chronological

Pattern that arranges material based on time EX: how to do a series of actions

Problem-solution

states a problem and suggests one or more solutions EX: Littering is a problem that can be fixed by...

Spatial

Shows relationship between material geographically or directionally EX: Foods in the US

Topical

Divides topic into set of main points that are logical and consistent EX: Major contributions to iPhone

Casual

Shows cause-effect relationship EX:Global warming is caused by pollution which is caused by car emissions.

Informative speaking

Presentation that enhances the understanding

Persuasive speaking

Presentation that changes, creates, or reinforces an attitude, belief, or behavior

Efficacy

Ability to get your point across

How do you orally cite a source?

You should state the dates in which the information from your sources were published, posted, accessed, interviewed, or released

Impromptu delivery

Little or no preparation

Manuscript delivery

Write out entire speech and read it directly

Memorized delivery

Speech is written, and then memorized word for word

Extemporaneous deliver

Prepare and practice, given from an outline

Types of gestures

Adapters, emblems, descriptors/illustrators, emphatics

Adaptors

Used when you feel anxious or uncomfortable

Emblems

Have specific meaning EX: thumbs up

Descriptors/Illustrators

Used to convey words that are spoken EX: showing size of something

Emphatics

Add emphasis EX: hitting a table to show anger

Question of fact

What is true or false EX: Were they driving too fast that they couldn't control their car or just that they upset other drivers?

Question of value

Argues that positions are good or bad, etc. EX: Do they deserve this punishment?

Question of policy

Targets behaviors, or what we should or should not be doing - as an individual, community, or even a nation EX: Should this be legal or not?

To inform

Purpose that describes, explains, or demonstrates something

To persuade

Influences attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

To entertain

Has the audience relax, smile, and enjoy the occasion

Elevator pitch

Very concise presentation of an idea covering all of its critical aspects, and delivered within a few seconds

Self-Plagiarism

Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a new production

How is content organized in the outline?

Transitions

Main points

Subpoints

Sub-subpoints

Equal support

Coordination

Statistics

Numerical data

Testimony

Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point

Examples

Specific instances that illustrate or explain a general factual statement

Inoculation theory

Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge