CH2 Pharmacodynamics Objective Deck

Define pharmacodynamics

how medication causes changes in the body

What is represented by the frequency distribution curve in pharmacology

the number of patients that have a measurable response to a drug at specific dosage levels

What is the dose-effect relationship

the relationship between the dose of the drug and the therapeutic effects that result + the potency of these effects

How is the therapeutic index calculated

divide LD50 by ED50

What is the affinity of a drug

the ability of it to be attracted to its protein receptors, whether they be on the membrane or in the cytoplasm

What are some various second-messenger effects of a drug

release of intracellular calcium, activation of enzymes and specific G proteins, conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP

What are the four primary drug receptor families

Enzymes, ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptor systems, DNA transcription factors

Which one of the four primary drug receptor families does insulin belong to

enzymes

Which one of the four primary drug receptor families do acetylcholine and GABA belong to

ligand-gated ion channels

Which one of the four primary drug receptor families do norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and peptide hormones belong to

G-protein coupled receptor systems

Which one of the four primary drug receptor families do thyroid hormone and all of the steroid hormones belong to

DNA transcription factors, AKA intracellular receptor family

What is the basic equation used to calculate drug receptor interactions (Hill-Langmuir equation)

DR = ([D] * RT) / (K d + [D])

What is DR in the Hill-Langmuir equation

the concentration of drug-receptor complexes (occupied receptors)

What is [D] in the Hill-Langmuir equation

the concentration of the drug

What is RT in the Hill-Langmuir equation

the total concentration of the receptors

What is K d in the Hill-Langmuir equation

the concentration of drug at which half of the receptors are occupied

What are competitive antagonists

antagonists that can have their blocking effects reversed when the agonist reaches higher concentration

What are noncompetitive antagonists

antagonists that cannot have their blocking effects reversed by high agonist concentration. Can completely block out agonist function if antagonist concentration is high enough. Effects are impermanent because receptors are replaced.