Studied by 4 people
Magnification
= size of Image/size of real object
Light Microscope
light passes through one or more lenses to produce an enlarged image of a specimen. Smaller and cheaper but up to x2000
Electron microscope
a microscope that focuses a beam of electrons to magnify objects. Bigger and more expensive but up to x2 000 000
Nucleus
A structure found in animal and plant cells which contains the genetic material
Cytoplasm
A liquid shell which the organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place
Cell membrane
Controls the passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell
Mitochondria
Structure in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis takes place, making all the proteins needed in the cell
Chloroplasts
A structure found in plant cells and algae. it is the site of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
A green substance found in chloroplasts which absorbs light for photosynthesis
Permanent vacuole
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid (supported)
Cell wall
A structure surrounding plant and algae cells, which give strength and support
Cell membrane
A membrane surrounding a cell, which holds it together and controls what's going in and out
Eukaryotic cells
A complex cell such as a plant or animal cell
Prokaryotic cells
A small, simple cell E.g. Bacterium
Nerve cell
Specialise cell made to carry electrical impulses around the body of an animal.
Muscle cell
A specialised cell that can contract and relax
Sperm cell
They contain the genetic information from the male parent.
Root hair cell
Cell found on the surface of plant roots that has a large surface area to absorb water
Photosynthetic cells
Cells which carry out photosynthesis and have high amounts of chloroplasts
Xylem cells
cells in plants that transport water from roots to leaves (upward direction). They are dead.
Phloem cells
plant cells that move sugars up and down the plant. They are alive and have saved plates instead of cell walls to help dissolve food move freely up and down the tubes.
Diffusion
the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Doesn't require energy
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from dilute to concentrated solution. Doesn't require energy.
Turgor
When cells are hard and rigid (due to pressure) which keeps the leaves and stems of the plant Bridget and phone.
Active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient
Note 
Flashcard (45)