Functionalism and Application

Herbert Spencer

English philosopher, welcomed in america in late 1800’s, system of synthetic philosophy, social darwinism

What did Herbert Spencer believe was necessary for society to evolve?

Individualism, no government regulation, no humanitarium support systems.

what was the phrenological measurement

Cephalometer

Henry Hollerith

first data processing machine (Punch card), leads to computing machines (IBM)

William James

American Philosopher, Studied with wundt, experimental psychology, principles of psychology, goal of adapting conscious behavior

James’ view of conscious experience

Stream of consciousness, cumulative, never experience same thought more than once, personal and selective

James’ Method to study consciousness

Introspective, experimental, comparative

purpose of consciousness

continuous flow of subjective events, allows choice

James’ ideas

The validity of an idea must be tested by its practical consequences (Pragmatism)

Diversity issues of early psych

1919: APA changed membership to include experimental publication requirements, excluded many applied psychologists, many female graduates were applied.

Mary Whiton Calkins

studied memory, paired associated memory technique

Helen Bradford Thompson

Leader in womens rights movement, gender differences in mental characteristics

Leta Stetter Hollingworth

Gifted children, researched gender differences and maternal instincts.

G. Stanley Hall

first us journal in 1887, 1st president of APA, john hopkins, childhood development, educational psychology, storm and stress system

Hall’s Legacy

hired women faculty, women graduate students, jewish faculty

Francis cecil Sumner

1st PhD to an African American

The chicago school

John dewey and James Rowland Angell

John Dewey

study of total organaism as it functions in its environment

James Rowland Angell

Deweys successor, shaped chicago school

Contributions of functionalism

new areas of study, broadened methodology, emphasis on application, shift to study of objective behavior

James McKeen Cattell

“mental test”, editing and publishing.

Alfred Binet

French, first true mental tests to assess cognitive functions (Psychometrics), mental age

Henry Goddard

translated binets tests into english, tests children to ID intellect, mental deficiency thought to be inherited

Lewis Terman

Cognitive Psychologist, new test for children to be placed in special categories, termans termites (gifted children)

Psyche Cattell

Infant intelligence, mental health clinic

Louis leon thurstone and thelma gwinn thurstone

primary mental abilities test

Florence Goodenough

gifted children with German, draw-a-man test

Robert Means Yerkes

Psychobiologist, comparative psychologist, yale labaratories on primate biology, tested recruits in WWI, amy alpha and Amy beta

Where was yale labratories of primate biology

Near Lawrenceville and Snellville

Yerkes effect

group intelligence tests, popularized testing, massive data set, personal data sheet

Lightner Witmer

1st clinical psychologist, Created scientist/clinician model in use today, research and scientific method. The psychological clinic.

William Healy

Child guidance clinic, need to treat disorders early in childhood, disorders as behavior problems not learning disability

APA vs APS

APA focused on clinical issues, members split, APS focused on research psychology

Walter Dill Scott

titled professor of applied psychology, consulting company, applied behavioral principles to business and advertising, business psychology, business leader rating scale in WWI

Hawthorne studies

innovative research program, efficency in workplace, modern study of organizations

Hugo Munsterberg

Studied with Wundt, James’ descendant, varied research interests: Forensic psychology, psychotherapy, industrial efficency.