Functional Groups

Alkanes

Single bond

Alkenes

Double Bonds

Alkynes

Triple Bonds

Aromatics

CnH(2n-6), e.g. Benzene C6H6

Ethers

R-O-R

Thioethers

R-S-R' (sulfur between two alkyl groups)

Alkyl Halides

organic compounds in which one or more halogen atoms- fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine- are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

Alcohols

organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups

Thiols

organic compounds containing sulfahydryl groups.

Peroxides

ROOR; formed by reacting ethers with oxygen

Amines

organic compounds with an amino group

Carbonyls

An organic molecule which contains the C=O functional group

Aldehydes

An organic compound with a terminal carbonyl group (R-CHO) where a carbon atom shares a double bond with oxygen and a single bond with a hydrogen atom.

Ketones

An organic compound where a carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to two carbon atoms

carboxylic acid

R-COOH ; A carbonyl group is attached to an -OH and -R

Esters

RCOOR ; a carbonyl group attached to an -R and -OR group

Acid Halides

Compounds containing a carbonyl bonded to a halogen

Amides

Organic compounds whose molecules have a carbonyl nitrogen bond. They are the product formed in a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.

Anhydrides

Reactive Carboxylic Acid derivatives featuring two -acyl groups connected by an oxygen atom.

Nitrate

R-NO2 ; An ester of nitric acid

Nitriles

R-CN

Epoxides

Three-membered cyclic ethers

Carboxylate

deprotonated carboxylic acid ; R-C=O-O

Allene

the simplest organic compound containing two adjacent (cumulated) carbon-carbon double bonds; R=C=C=R'