Review Quiz 6 - terms

New Frontier

Domestic policies by Kennedy that included Medicare and aid to education; many of which weren’t enacted until Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidency

Great Society

Plan by Johnson to assist underprivileged people in the US

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Group founded by MLK that taught that civil rights could be achieved through nonviolent protests

Civil Rights Act(1964)

Stated that the same standards for voting had to be used for Blacks and Whites, racial discrimination could not be used to hire and that discrimination was legal in all public locations

Black Power

Concept that stated that Blacks should have pride in their history and create their own society

Feminine Mystique

Book written by Betty Friedan that bolstered the growing feminist movement

National Organization for Women

Organization that was dedicated to getting equal pay for women at work and ending images that objectified women

Students for a Democratic Society

Organization that campaigned against the Vietnam War.

Counterculture

A culture with values and norms different than that of what is currently mainstream

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Plan to liberate Cuba from Fidel Castro; Cubans in America would invade Cuba and the US would provide air cover

Berlin Wall

The East Germans and Soviets constructed the Berlin Wall to prevent Eastern refugees from escaping to West Berlin.

Cuban Missile Crisis

American reconnaissance flights over Cuba indicated the Soviets made missile sites under construction

Viet Cong

Communist guerrillas who lived in South Vietnam but supported the North

Gulf Of Tonkin Resolution

Gave the president the power to “prevent further aggression” in Vietnam.

Tet Offensive

Key battle of the war; Viet Cong attacked cities in South Vietnam on new years.

Vietnamization

Training the South Vietnamese army and gradually pulling American forces out.

Deficit Spending

Nixon’s attempt to raise taxes and cut government spending to improve the US economy

Detente

foreign policy of decreasing tensions with the Soviets that began during Nixon's term.

Watergate Scandal

Scandal where the Democratic headquarters were broken into in the Watergate complex that led to the downfall of Nixon and his resignation

Iranian Hostage Crisis

diplomatic crisis where Iranian protesters seized the U.S embassy in Tehran and held American diplomats hostage for 444 days; occurred during Jimmy Carter’s presidency

New Federalism

Reagan’s plan to decrease the size of the federal government by shifting its power to states.

Reaganomics

AKA supply side economics; believed wealth would trickle to Americans by lowering taxes

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

A program created to protect and defend America through laser-missiles.

Invasion of Grenada

US military tried to topple the Communist government of Grenada to help stop the spread of communism.

Iran-Contra Affair

Political scandal where the Reagan administration supported the Nicaraguan Contras with money they received from selling guns to the Iranians.

Simpson-Mazzoli Act

Outlawed the employment of illegal immigrants, a tactic used to stop illegal immigration.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Last USSR leader who helped further America and Soviet relationships with Reagan.

Black Monday

Largest stock drop in American history with it falling 508 points in one day

Moral Majority

A group of people founded by Jerry Falwell who focused on preserving America’s traditional values in a time of change.

Persian Gulf War

Iraq invaded Kuwait in order to gain profits for their oil but the UN had created a coalition due to President Bush.

Affirmative Action

Court decisions that made it difficult to prove racial discrimination while hiring.

American Disability Act (1990)

People with mental or physical disabilities are protected from discrimination and provide equal access to facilities.

Oklahoma City Bombing

Bombing of FBI facility in 1995 by Timothy McVeigh in response to Waco; killed 165 people.

Contract with America

Policy created by Newt Gingrich that argued for smaller government, term limits, and tax cuts.

Welfare Reform Bill

The bill had cut off some funding to welfare programs such as Medicaid

North American Free Trade Agreement

Agreement between Mexico, Canada, and the US to create a free-trade zone between them.

Whitewater

The Clinton families’ real estate controversy and did not face any charges in court.

Clinton-Lewinsky Scandal

President Clinton’s affair with White House intern, Monica Lewinsky, that led to his impeachment trial.

Don’t Ask Don’t Tell

Policy states LBGTQ individuals can serve in the military not disclosing their orientation.

LA Race Riots

After the assault of a black motorist by officers, riots had broken out across Los Angeles.

Al Qaeda

Militant Islamist organization led and founded by Osama Bin Laden that was responsible for countless terrorist attacks during the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Department of Homeland Security

Created to increase public safety and prevent terrorist attacks within the United States.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Referring to the weapons used during the cold war; nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons that can destroy in masses.

USA Patriot Act

Passed after the 9/11 attack; the government should conduct stronger security measures and surveillance within the nation.

Guantanamo Detention Camp

An unlawful detention/prison facility, created after the U.S invasion of Afghanistan.

Abu Ghraib Prison

During the U.S. occupation of Iraq in 2004, American soldiers used this prison to mistreat and torture suspected terrorists and war prisoners.

No Child Left Behind

A bill signed by George W. Bush that pushed schools to give more attention to students struggling in schools.

Deleveraging

A firm/business reducing their debt by selling assets that were bought with borrowed money; this mostly took place during the Global Financial Crisis.

The 2006 Immigration Protests

An estimated 6 million people in almost 200 cities and towns took part in the protests actions taken in defense of immigrant rights taking place between the months of February and May of 2006.

Barack Obama

44th president, first African American president to be elected in office; Obama did much financial and public health reform during his terms as president.

Nancy Pelosi

The first female Speaker of the House of Representatives, who was an effective party leader that helped pass the climate change bill, financial regulation, and the ACA during the first term of Obama’s presidency.

“Obamacare”

Law signed by Barack Obama in 2010 to improve the quality and affordability of health insurance in the United States.

Dodd Frank Act

Created in order to prevent another crisis like the Great Recession, it produced federal regulations on banks and financial institutions.

Occupy Wall Street

59-day left wing populist protest against inequality and corporate political power.

Confirmation Bias

A term explaining the tendency of some to only seek information that defends their beliefs and ignore the evidence that contradicts them; used heavily in 21st century politics.

Iran Nuclear Deal

Iran reducing their nuclear programs and opening its facilities for inspection as long as the U.S. gives billions of dollars worth of sanctions relief.

Isis

Better known as the Islamic state of Iraq and Syria, ISIS is a militant Islamist group that took control of Syria and Iraq and imposed strict Islamic rule throughout those countries.

Donald J. Trump

Media personality and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

BLM Movement

A political and social movement that highlights the racism and inequality experienced by black people.

Covid-19 Pandemic

An ongoing global pandemic that caused havoc economically and socially; it created the largest economic recession since the Great Depression.