Right-Wing Extremism

Four hate promotion offences

Advocating Genocide

Publicly inciting hatred

Willfully promoting hatred

Mischief motivated by hatred

Advocating genocide

Promoting the killing of an identifiable group

Publicly inciting hatred

Against an identifiable group (can apply to social media)

Willfully promoting hatred

against any identifiable group

Mischief motivated by hate

in relation to property primarily used by and identifiable group

UCR definition

A criminal violation against a person or property motivated by hate, based on race, national or ethnic origin, language, colour, religion, sex, age, mental or physical disability, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression, or any other similar factor

Right- wing extremism

Right-wing extremism is a loose movement based on the idea that certain groups—like non-white people, Jews, immigrants, LGBTQ people, and feminists—are a threat. It’s driven by a kind of nationalism that focuses on white power and tries to exclude anyone seen as different.

Tier 1- Passive engagement

simply consuming right-wing extremism content, especially online

Tier 2 - Producing & disseminating extremist propaganda

Actively sharing and fostering hateful views towards an identifiable group

Tier 3 - Ideologically motivated violent extremism

Using violence to advance ideological goals

Four subcategories: Xenophobic, anti-authority, gender-driven, other grievance driven

Anti-government/ anti-authority

Believe government is illegitimate & that they are not required to follow laws

Use pseudolaw documents and arguments 

Violence towards police officers, judges, government officials

Anti-immigration

The great replacement theory and immigration as threat

The great replacement theory

White identity and western culture is under attack by multicultural forces

Immigrant as threat

Cultural, security, economic

Framed as protecting a Christian-nationalist identity

Anti-women

Manosphere, male victimhood narratives

Manosphere

Constellation of websites, blogs and forums dedicated to promoting male supremacy, heteronormative masculinity, misogyny and opposition to feminism

Male victimhood narrative

Believe women, feminists and gender equality movements are to blame for the loss of states of men today

MRA

Men’s rights activists, doesn’t believe in male privilege)

PUA

pick up artists 

MGTOW

men going their own way

advocates for a world without women

Incels

blame women for inability to have sex with women. Red pill (Society lies about gender equality) and black pill (Looks and genetics determine everything)

Neo-fascist/accelerationist

Advocate for the violent overthrow of governments and the creation of white ethnostates

Believe they can “accelerate” the inevitable decline of western democracies through assassinations, murders, and terrorist attacks

Why is it difficult to study racial disparities in Canada’s criminal justice system?

Because Canada does not systematically collect or publish race-based criminal justice data.

Which two groups are most overrepresented in Canadian correctional institutions?

Black and Aboriginal Canadians.

What is “democratic racism”?

A system where values like fairness and equality coexist with racialized practices and beliefs.

What term does Canada use instead of “race” in official policy?

“Visible minority.”

Why is the term “visible minority” criticized?

It reinforces whiteness as the norm and masks differences between racialized groups.

What are some reasons given against collecting race-based data?

Concerns about accuracy, privacy, social disruption, and misuse to support biological theories of crime.

What are the arguments for collecting race-based criminal justice data?

To monitor bias, inform policy, ensure transparency, and address systemic discrimination.

What is one reason police agencies resist collecting race-based data?

To avoid scrutiny and allegations of racial bias.

How does Canada’s approach to race differ from the U.S. and U.K.?

Canada avoids direct discussions of race, preferring terms like ethnicity and culture.

What is the impact of not collecting disaggregated racial data?

It hinders research, masks systemic issues, and limits accountability in the justice system