Dwight D Eisenhower

1952 Presidential Election won victory —

55%

1952 Election candidates

Democrat Adalai Stevenson

Republican Dwight D Eisenhower

Ikes VP

Nixon

Nixon’s nickname

Tricky Dicky

1956 Presidential election Ike — votes, Adalai Stevenson —

35.5mil

26mil

Eisenhowers campaign promise

K1C2

Checkers Speech

23rd September 1952

Nixon took over for 6 weeks when Ike had a heart attack

September 1955

opinion polls suggested 50% in favour of McCarthy

1953

McCarthy televised hearings

1954

Senate vote censured McCarthy

1954

Increased minimum wage by

25%

Eisenhowers policy —

dynamic conservatism

National Defense Education Act- expanded social security benefits

1958

The federal highway act

1956- built 41,000 miles interstate highway over 20 years

— available for low income housing

$500 million

made — and — states

Alaska and Hawaii

Appointed Chief Justice Earl Warren to the Supreme Court (liberal appointment)

1953

domestic spending rose from — 1953 to — 1961

31%

49%

dynamic conservatism had an approval rating of —

70%

Eisenhowers popularity never decreased below

50%

achieved a balanced budget in

1956, 1957, 1960

1954 midterms

democrats took congress

democrats controlled congress for —/8 years as President

6/8

only —/83 bills rejected in congress

10

GDP- 1950 —, 1960 —

$355bn

$488bn

1950’s the economy grew by —

37%

1950’s purchasing power grew by —

30%

suburbanisation=

white flight

1948-1958 — houses built

13 million

Levittown houses sold for — each

$8000

Advertising grew from1950 — annually, to 1963 — annually

$6bn

$13bn

increased sale of TVs from 1950 — to 1960 —

12 million

45 million

first credit card from the Diners club

1950

credit cards launched by American Express

1958

private debt increased

$104bn to $260 bn

baby boom- population rose from 1950 — to 1960 —

150 million

180 million

1955 — new cars manufactured

7.9 million

by 1960 — service workers

7.6 million

By 1960 — McDonalds

228

Holiday Inn created

1952

by 1960 — middle class had a car

90%

‘The Wild One’- film for teenagers

1951

‘Father knows best’

TV conformity

— ethnic minorities lived in poverty

25%

Kitchen debates

24th July 1959

Kruschev return trip to US

September 1959

by 1960 — homes had a TV

90%

Disney opened theme park in California

1955

— Americans lived in poverty

¼

Minorities prevented from buying suburban homes due to

restricted covenance

first recession

1954

2nd Recession

1958

Low inflation

2%

Low unemployment

4.5%

Stalin dies- replaced with Khrushchev

5 March 1953

Secretary of State

John Foster Dulles

Eisenhowers defence policy

New look defence policy

More bang for your buck

Brinkmanship

Personal Diplomacy

Sputnik- soviet put object in space

4 October 1957

Flopnick- US failed attempt to put an object into space

6 December 1957

Soviet dog Laika in space

3 November 1957

Flopnik

6 December 1957

1955 US had — nuclear bombers ready to fly within — notice

1/3

15 minutes

1957 US has — nukes and USSR had —

5543

650

Khrushchev spoke of peaceful co-existence with the West

1953

West Germany joins NATO

9 May 1955

Warsaw Pact- military alliance of communist countries

May 1955

Geneva Summit- personal diplomacy and open skies

July 1955

Khrushchev secret speech- destalinisation- leaked by CIA

1956

Hungary- riots and protests against harsh communist leader and replaced him with Imre Nagy

June 1956

Khrushchev sent troops to squash Hungary uprising- killing 3000 Hungarians

November 1956

By 1961 — East Germans moved West

20%

Kruschev demanded West pull out of Berlin within 6 months

November 1958

Geneva Conference on Berlin- Ike invited Khruschev to Camp David

1959

Camp David

15 September 1959

U2 Crisis

1 May 1960

Paris Summit

14 May 1960

Eisenhower visited South Korea plan for end of war

2nd December 1952

Armistice in Korea- divided along the 38th parallel

27th July 1957

Significance of Taiwan

used strategically as US base for naval operations WW2- allowed by Chinese nationalist leader Jiang Jiashi

Mao Zedong (chinese communist leader) ordered shelling of two islands close to Taiwan

1954

Formosa Resolution- US support for Taiwan

January 1955

Chinese govt stop shelling Taiwan

1 May 1955

America funding — French war in Vietnam

78%

Diem Biem Phu- French defeat

1954

Geneva Conference on Vietnam- partition Vietnam along the 17th parallel and hold elections in 1956

1954

Diem holds fraudulant elections and claims to win 98% vote

1955

SEATO created

1954

CENTO created (Baghdad pact)

1955

Eisenhower doctrine- any middle eastern country could request economic aid from US if being threatened by communism

5th January 1957

Suez Crisis

1956

Lebanon crisis- tensions between Lebanon and Egypt

1958

Brown V Board of Education- ‘separate but equal facilities are inherently unequal’

1954

Chief justice Vinson dies and is replaced by Earl Warren

1953

Brown v Board of education II- ‘with all deliberate speed’

1955

By 1957 — of all school districts desegregated

12%

Autherine Lucy attend University of Alabama

1956

Emmett Till

28th August 1955

Southern Manifesto- signed by 82 HOR, 19 senators- LBJ one of 3 who didn’t sign

1952

Little Rock Nine

September 1957