Thẻ ghi nhớ: Milestone Review: New Nation & Age of Jackson | Quizlet

George Washington

1st president of the U.S.

Non-intervention/Neutrality

George Washington set the precedent for this policy by keeping the U.S. out of the French Revolution and other foreign affairs

Alexander Hamilton

1st Treasury secretary who came up with a national financial plan that included the creation of the Bank of the United States and a special tax on whiskey

Whiskey Rebellion

the Fed's ability to stop this rebellion (unlike Shays' rebellion) against a tax on whiskey showed the strength of the Fed under the new Constitution

1st Political Parties

These emerged as a result of heated disagreements between Alexander Hamilton & Thomas Jefferson over the power of the federal and state governments

John Adams

2nd president of the U.S., his presidency was plagued by controversy, including the XYZ Affair with France, the Alien & Sedition Acts and the appointment of "Midnight Judges"

XYZ Affair

French officials demanded a bribe from the U.S. before France would agree to stop harassing American ships

The incident let to outrage back in the U.S. and led to strong anti-French and anti-immigrant feelings

Sedition Act

Passed by Congress at the urging of John Adams, this was intended to silence opposition against Adams and his Federalist party

It outraged Democratic-Republicans, who felt the law violated freedom of speech

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

The states of Virginia & Kentucky refused to enforce the Sedition Act, claiming it was unconstitutional

Marbury v. Madison

involving John Adam's controversial appointment of federalist "midnight judges" on his last night as president, this case established the principle of JUDICIAL REVIEW: the right of the court to determine whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional or not

Louisiana Purchase

Purchased during Thomas Jefferson's presidency from France for $15 million, this gave the U.S. the entire Lousiana Territory

Reason why Jefferson wanted the Louisiana Territory

it gave the U.S. access to the Mississippi River for trade and to the port city of New Orleans

Lewis & Clark Expedition (AKA: Corps of Discovery)

Created by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly-acquired Louisiana Territory

They came across valuable resources and a route to the Pacific Ocean

Encouraged westward expansion

Causes of the War of 1812

-British impressments of American sailors (they were captured and forced to serve in the Brit. Navy)

-British interference with American trade

-The British gave weapons to native Americans and refused to leave American forts

Nationalism

the fact that the U.S. had successfully fought the mighty British Empire for a 2nd time led to this, meaning "strong feelings of patriotism/pride in one's country"

Monroe Doctrine

In an effort to protect national security and promote American dominance, this warned European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

Issued in response to European countries wanting to colonize in South America & the Caribbean

Industrial Revolution

The transition from making things by hand at home to making things by machine the factories

Interchangeable Parts

Invented by Eli Whitney, this allowed for products to be made quickly and defective parts could be easily replaced

Industry/Manufacturing

The foundation of the economy in the North, thanks to the rise of the factory system

Cotton Gin

Machine for cleaning seeds out of cotton

Contributed to an increased demand for slaves in the South, because plantation owners realized they could harvest double the amount of cotton in the same amount of time

Plantation Agriculture

The foundation of the economy in the South, thanks to an ideal soil and climate and to the cotton gin

Erie Canal

Connected the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes and the western interior of the U.S.

Contributed to the growth of New York City as a major center of trade

Temperance Movement

Led largely by women, this was the movement to reduce or eliminate consumption of alcohol during the 1800s

Abolition

The movement to outlaw slavery, led by women and abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison

Nat Turner

famous for leading a violent slave rebellion

Horace Mann

Leader of the public school reform movement who promoted the idea of free public education for ALL children and the concept of teacher training programs

Andrew Jackson

Elected as president in 1828 because of his appeal to the "common man." His presidency began an era of INCREASED POLITICAL PARTICIPATION and ushered in modern political campaigning

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist who published The Liberator

He called for IMMEDIATE emancipation (freedom) for slaves

Characteristics of Jacksonian Democracy

Popular political culture

Political participation of the "common" American

Increased voting rights

Stronger presidency/executive branch

Spoils system

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionist and former slave who published the Northern Star

He called for GRADUAL emancipation

Spoils System

Started by Jackson, this is where each new president rewards his supporters with government jobs

Indian Removal to the West

Jackson argued that this was the only way for natives to preserve their heritage and survive

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court actually sided with Native Americans, declaring that neither the Fed or the state of Georgia had the right to remove the Cherokee off of their land because they were their own nation, independent of the U.S.

Suffrage Movement

Movement for equality and women's rights, particularly the right to vote

Advocated by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Trail of Tears

Jackson ignored the Supreme Court and began this forced removal of the Cherokee westward

Seneca Falls

This convention marked the beginning of the organized women's movement in the U.S.

Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Nullification

established by the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, this principle is the right of a state to nullify or void unconstitutional laws

Strict constructionist/interpretation

If the Constitution doesn't specifically say the Fed can do something, then it CANNOT do it

Loose constructionist/ interpretation

If the Constitution doesn't specifically say the Fed can't do something, then the Fed CAN do it

A challenge to strict interpretation of the Constitution

Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory despite the fact that the Constitution does not give the president the power to do so

Two-term limit

A precedent set by Washington that has been followed by every president except FDR

Cabinet

Group of presidential advisors started by Washington to assist the president