3.3 Carbohydrates

How many electrons protons and neutrons in a carbon atom?

6

How many electrons does carbon gain in a covalent bond?

4

Can Carbon form double bonds

yes

What is an organic molecule

Anything with carbon

what is a monomer

a molecule that can be bonded to other molecules to form a polymer

what is a polymer?

a long chain of molecules made up of monomers in repeating patterns

What is a carbohydrate monomer?

a monosaccharide

Examples of hexose monosaccharides :

Glucose, fructose, galactose

examples of pentose monosaccharides

ribose and deoxyribose

what is a hydrolysis reaction?

When water is used up to break up large molecules

whats a condensation reaction?

when water is released at the formation of a large molecule

How does beta glucose structure differ from alpha glucose

OH ABBA!! Hydroxyl group above the ring at carbon 1 in beta, and below the ring in Alpha

What are polysaccharides in the three pigs analogy?

They’re the straw house

What are isomers?

molecules with the same chemical formula but different configurations

If the Hydrogen is below the ring is it alpha or beta?

Beta

If hydrogen is above the ring is it alpha or beta?

Alpha

If the OH is above the ring is it alpha or beta?

Beta

If the OH is below the ring is it alpha or Beta?

Alpha

What are the three disaccharides?

Sucrose, lactose and maltose

Acronym for Monosaccharides

G.F.G ‘got fucked good’ Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Acronym for disaccharides

S.L.M ‘stuck loving me’ Sucrose, lactose, Maltose

Acronym for Polysaccharides

C.S.G ‘CS go’

What elements are Carbs made up of?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen ‘hydrated carbon’

Is Glucose a Polar molecule?

yes

Functions of monosaccharides

• glucose is transported in blood

• Energy source

• Join to make larger molecules

what is the bond formed when two monosaccharides form?

Glycosidic bond

Two kinds of polysaccharides in Starch

Amylopectin and amylose

type of bonds in amylose

1-4 glycosidic

types of bonds in amylopectin

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Structure of amylose

chain helix, no branching

structure of amylopectin

branched, every 25 alpha glucose molecules

types of bonds in glycogen

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonding

structure of glycogen

Very branched, a lot more frequently than amylopectin.

both starch and glycogen are ideal for what? and why?

Energy storage, because they’re both COMPACT, INSOLUBLE, and BRANCHED, which means they can quickly be hydrolised for energy.

plant polysaccharides

Cellulose and starch

animal polysaccharides

Glycogen

what type of glucose cells is cellulose made up of

Beta

what type of glucose cells is starch made up of

alpha

what type of glucose cells is glycogen made up of

alpha

structure of cellulose

alternate beta glucose molecules are turned upside down, unable to coil or make branches. Cellulose mols join together through H bonds to make Microfibrils, and then macrofibrils.