English literature: From the beginning of the Englsih novel to the Victorian Age

old english literature

7th century - 1066

Middle English Literature

1066 - 1485

Renaissance literature

1489 - 1660

Restoration

1660 - 1789

Romanticism

1789 - 1837

King James VI of Scotland becomes king of Ireland and England

1625

English civil war

1642 - 1649

Eleven Years' Tyranny

1629 - 1640

Oliver Cromwell Lord Commander

1653 - 1658

execution of Charles I

1649

Richard Cromwell

1658 - 1659

Stuart restauration witch Charles II on the throne

1660

death of Charles II

1685

The Glorious Revolution

1688 - 1689

Reign of Queen Anne

1702 - 1714

Reign of George

1714 - 1727

Toleration Act

1688

Bill of Rights

1689

Acts of Union

1707

Principia Mathematica

Isaac newton 1687

Essay Concerning Human Understanding

John Locke 1690

A Treatise on Human Nature

David Hume 1739

The Canon

Collection of works considered essential for understanding the development of English literature and how its history has taken shape over time.

The older hierarchical system and individualism

"The older hierarchical system had tended to subordinate individuals to their rank or station. In the eighteenth century that fixed system began to break down, and people's sense of themselves began to change. By the end of the century many issues of politics and the law resolve around rights, not traditions. The modern individual had been invented."

the end of the Licensing/Printing Act

1695

The Tatler

Periodical by Richard Steele 1709 - 1711

The Spectator

Periodical by Richard Steele and Joseph Addison 1711/12 - 1714

Jonathan Swift

1667 - 1745

Esther Johnson

"friend" of Jonathan Swift called Stella

Hester Vanhomrigh

"friend" of Jonathan Swift called Vanessa

M.B. Drapier

Swiftian Persona

Irony

"Irony (cf. the adjective 'modest' in the title): the expression of an opinion by using language that normally means the exact opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect"

Modest Proposal

Jonathan Swift 1729

William Petty

1632 - 1687, surveyor in Ireland under Cromwell

Politcial Arithmeic

"the empiricism and mathematics of the new science are combined with utilitarianism in politics: people are reduced to numbers, which makes it easy to make farreaching decisions about them without consulting them."

The Drapier's Letters

Jonathan Swift 1724 - 1725

Travels into Several Remote Nations in the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of several Ships.

1726 - 1735

1 edition of Gulliver's Travels

Charles Ford and Alexander Pope 1726

2 edition of Gulliver's Travels

George Faulkner 1735

Guliver's Travels 1 part

a voyage to Lilliput

Guliver's Travel 2 part

a voyage to Brobdingang

Guliver's Travels 3 part

a voyage to Laputa

Guliver's Travels 4 part

a voyage to the country of the Houyhnhnms

Island of Blefuscu

fictional island in Gullivers' travels representing France

Glumdaclitch

Giant's daughter in Gulliver's Travels

Balnabarbi

island under Laputa in Gulliver's Travels with Lagado as capital

Glubbudbrib

island of sorcerers in Gulliver's Travels

Luggnagg

kingdom with the Stuldbrgs in Gulliver's Travels

yahoos

clothed ones in Gulliver's Travels

Novel

novella (a fictional prose narrative of variable lenght) also for Virginia Woolf "The most pliable of all forms"

Samuel Pepys

wrote a diary about cheese and his quarrels with his wife

The life if Syr Thomas More

William Rope 16th century

The Paston Letters

15 th century

Mandeville's travels

Travel writings

Larazillo Tormes

a Picaresque narrative, 16th century

Illiad and Odyssey

Epic genre

Realism

"realism is also used to refer to the aura of lifelikeness and plausibility generated by a novel's attention to the concrete details of everyday life. Historically, the realist novel has been character-driven (concerned with the development of the protagonist), materialist (attentive to, for example, the power of money and status), and socially engaged (dealing with a range of social groups, sometimes with an activist intent)".

Daniel Defoe

1660 - 1731

The Shortest-Way with the Dissenters

a pamphlet by Daniel Defoe, he went to prison for it in 1702

A review of the Affairs of France

Defoe as only writer between 1704 - 1713

Robinson Crusoe

Daniel Defoe 1719

Moll of Flanders

Daniel Defoe 1722

Roxana

Daniel Defoe 1724

Mimesis

"the 'copying' or 'imitating' of reality in art" (MacKay)

Diegesis

"the narrative presented by a literary work; the fictional time, place, characters and events which constitute the universe of the narrative" (OED)

Henry Fielding

1707 - 1754

The historical register of the year 1736

Henry Fielding 1736

Shamela

Henry Fielding 1741

The History of Tom Jones, Foundling

1749 Henry Fielding

overt narrator

An overt narrator makes judgments, has a distinct personality, makes their opinions known, addresses the narratees, uses a distinctive style, etc. They are the opposite of a covert narrator.

homodiegetic narrator

a character in the story, the contrary is a heterodiegetic narrator

William Hogarth

1697 - 1764, printer and engraver (A Harlott's Progress, Sins of the Day)

samuel Richardson

1689-1761

Laurence Stern

1713 - 1768

The Life and Opinions of Tristam Shandy, Gentleman

Laurence Stern 1757 - 1767

A sentimental Journey

Laurence Stern

Romantic Period

1789 - 1837

parents of Mary Shelley

William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft

Lyricall Ballads

William Wordsworth and Coleridge 1798 - 1800

We Are Seven

William Wordsworth, 1798

william Blake

1757 - 1827

William Wordsworth

1770 - 1850

The solitary reaper

1807

The Victorian Age

1837 - 1901

Crystal Palace

1851

railway Liverpool Manchester

1830

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Communist Manifesto

1848

Charles Darwin

The Origin of Species 1859

Evangelicals

A reform-minded group within the Anglican Church that became very influential in 19th-century Britain.

The Oxford Movement

In contrast, this movement leaned toward Catholicism. The Anglican High Church, influenced by Catholic traditions, placed great importance on rituals and vestments.

Main figures of Utilitariansim

Jeremy bentham and Richard Stuart Mill

Main figures of Darwinism

Herbet Spencer

1 Reform Bill

1832

legalisation of Trade Unions

1871

Charlotte Brontë

Jane Eyre

The Old Curiosity Shop

Charles Dickens periodical

Alfred Lord Tennyson

In Memoriam, 1850

Julia Margaret Cameron

1815 - 1879, The Madonna, Lancelot and Guinevere, The Angel of Nativity

Early Victorian Age

1837 - 184!

Mid-Victorian Period

1848 - 1870