Introduction to Ancient Civilizations

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These flashcards capture key vocabulary and concepts related to ancient civilizations discussed in the lecture.

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19 Terms

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Athenian Democracy

Power resided in the whole people, ensuring everyone is equal before the law.

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Public Responsibility

Men’s actual ability, not their position or wealth, matters for serving the state.

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Civilization Characteristics

Include agriculture, organized governments, urban centers, technological development, artistic achievements, organized religions, and wealth.

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New Kingdom Egypt

A period marked by the rise of power around 3100 BCE, referred to as 'the gift of the Nile' for its agricultural sustenance.

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Pharaoh

The king of ancient Egypt, often regarded as a god responsible for Egypt's safety and the Nile's predictability.

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Hyksos

A pastoralist people that invaded Egypt in 1652 BCE, marking the introduction of new military technologies.

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Chariot

The innovative military vehicle that was the dominant force in warfare during the Bronze Age.

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Battle of Kadesh

The largest known chariot battle in history where Rameses II fought the Hittites, ending in a draw.

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Great Catastrophe

The collapse of key civilizations, including Mycenaean Greece and the Hittite Empire, by the end of the 12th century BCE.

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Pastoralist Invasions

The invasions that occurred during the collapse of civilizations, utilizing new weapons and tactics against superior chariot forces.

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Mycenaean Greece

The first known Greek civilization that fell into decline due to environmental and war factors leading to a Dark Age.

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Persian Empire

A vast empire established by Cyrus the Great, marked by strong leadership and an organized military.

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Zoroastrianism

The religion followed by Persians, centered around the duality of good and evil and moral choices.

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Hoplites

Greek citizen-soldiers equipped with iron weapons and armor, crucial for the development of city-states.

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Polis

Independent Greek city-states characterized by unprecedented levels of citizen participation in governance.

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Ionian Revolt

The rebellion of Greek cities in Ionia against Persian rule, eventually leading to significant Persian Wars.

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Battle of Salamis

A crucial naval battle won by the Greek fleet against the Persians, showcasing superior tactics in confined waters.

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Mauryan Empire

The first large empire in India under Chandragupta Maurya, later expanded by Asoka the Great.

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Han Dynasty

A dynasty in China that established one of the most powerful and enduring states in world history.