INA, Partition & Independence (1940–1948)

Term "Pakistan" coined by

Rahmat Ali in 1933

Father of Hindu Muslim Unity

Jinnah, by Sarojini Naidu (1916) - Lucknow merger

Lahore Resolution (1940)

Formal demand by the Muslim League for a separate homeland for Muslims (also called Pakistan Resolution)

All India Muslim League Punjab session

22 to 24 March, 1940 - adoption of Lahore Resolution

C.R. Formula (1944)

Proposed by C. Rajagopalachari to resolve tensions between INC and Muslim League

Desai Liaquat Pact

1945 - failed pact between Bhulabhai Desai (INC) and Liaquat Ali Khan (ML)

Wavell Plan (1945)

Attempt by Viceroy Lord Wavell to resolve political deadlock (discussed in the failed Shimla Conference)

Indian National Army (INA) initially formed by

Mohan Singh in 1942 with Indian POWs in Singapore (later handed to Rash Behari Bose, then S.C. Bose)

SC Bose - Birth

23 Jan 1897, Cuttack. Celebrated as Parakram Diwas

SC Bose Death

18 August, 1945 Plane C

Subash Chandra Bose's pseudo name when he met Hitler in Germany (1942)

"Orlando Mazzotta"

Organization founded by S.C. Bose in Berlin (1941)

Free India Legion/Tiger Legion

Location where INA hoisted India's tricolor flag on April 14, 1944

Moirang, Manipur (by Colonel Shaukat Ali Malik)

INA Women Regiment

Named after Rani Lakshmibai, Capt Lakshmi Swaminathan

Leader who called S.C. Bose the "Patriot of Patriots"

Mahatma Gandhi

Leader who first gave the title "Father of Nation" to Gandhi

S.C. Bose (in 1944 through Singapore Radio)

Famous slogans by S.C. Bose

"Delhi Chalo", "Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom", "Jai Hind"

INA Trials (1945)

Red Fort trials against Prem Kumar Sehgal, Shah Nawaz Khan, and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon

INA Trial Congress defense

JL Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, Asaf Ali, Tej Bahadur Sapru, Kailash Nath

Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny (1946)

Revolt by ratings (lowest rank sailors) against discrimination and poor conditions, beginning at HMIS Talwar (18 Feb 1946)

Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) sent by

British PM Clement Attlee

Members of the Cabinet Mission

Lord Pethick-Lawrence (Chairman), Sir Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander

Key proposal of Cabinet Mission Plan

Rejected separate Pakistan, Three-tier administrative structure, Central govt 3 subjects, Constituent Assembly to draft Constitution, Princely states free to negotiate, Interim Govt

Group A States under Cabinet Mission Plan

Madras, Bombay, UP, Bihar, Odisha, Central Provinces (Hindu Majority)

Group B States under Cabinet Mission Plan

Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, Balochistan (Muslim Majority)

Group C States under Cabinet Mission Plan

Bengal and Assam

Direct Action Day (16 August 1946)

Called by Muhammad Ali Jinnah demanding Pakistan, leading to the "Great Calcutta Killing"

Noakhali Riots

After Great Calcutta Killing, Oct Nov 1946, Gandhi came to (now BAN) s

Mountbatten Plan (3 June 1947)

Proposed partition of India into two Dominions (India and Pakistan); also known as Partition Plan

Princely states that did not join India initially

J&K, Hyderabad, Junagarh (3 out of 565 total)

Last Viceroy of British India and first Governor-General of independent India

Lord Louis Mountbatten

Only Indian Governor-General of independent India

C. Rajagopalachari

Attlee's Declaration (Feb 1947)

British PM announced (20 Feb 1947) intent to transfer power to responsible Indian hands before 30 June 1948

Operation Polo (Sept 1948)

Hyderabad Police Operation led by Major General J.N. Chaudhuri to annex Hyderabad

Instrument of Accession for J&K signed by

Maharaja Hari Singh on 26 October 1947

Location of Mahatma Gandhi on Independence Day (August 15, 1947)

Noakhali (present-day Bangladesh)

Date, Location, and Assassin of Mahatma Gandhi

30 January 1948 at Birla House in Delhi by Nathuram Godse (3 bullets)

Immediate cause of Gandhi's assassination

Gandhi's fast - 55 crores to Pakistan from India, Partition happened due to non violence

Execution of Nathuram Godse

Tried at Red fort, hanged in Ambala Jail on 15 Nov 1949 along with Narayan Apte

Agreement signed to restore peace after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War

Shimla Agreement (1972) by Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto