n170 midterm 1

An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex, would most have problems with

experiencing touch

What do afference nerves and efferent nerves do?

afferent nerve brings information to the CNS and efferent nerve takes information away from CNS

Describe how cells become polarized, and how neurotransmitters are moved into the synapse

• Neuron fires, resting potential changes and cells become depolarized (at when membrane potential reaches -55 mV threshold)

• Moves down axon to terminal buttons where neurotransmitter released into adjacent extracellular space (synapse)

Does each spinal nerve have both a sensory and motor component?

yes

Does the dendrite, nucleus, axon, or enzyme transmit nervous signals around the brain and to distant sites around the body?

axon

If you want to see something in fine detail, you should focus the light on which part of the retina?

fovea

Light from the right side of the world, strikes which part of the retina?

left

Neuropsychologist Dilemma Article, the author stated that there is much evidence to support the fact that many successful brain injury rehabilitation programs have not relied upon which of the following fields for their theoretical input?

Cognitive Neuroscience

Neuropsychologist Dilemma, the author in that article quoted Gainotti's research and mentioned that emotional disorders in brain injury cases, may arise as a direct result of which of the following factors or causes?

1st) Neurological Damage, 2nd) Psychological or Psychodynamic factors, 3rd) Psychosocial Causes

• Ex: closed head injury that makes someone unable to regulate emotional and social behavior, due to specific lesion in limbic system

Neurotransmitters are primarily associated with the

synaptic cleft

Recurrent Concussion, the author stated that [blank] is the most cited psychological disturbance after traumatic brain injury

Depression

Recurrent Concussion, the author stated that traumatic brain injury can result in diffused lesions in the brain, and these lesions result in [blank] changes, including an increase in excitatory neurotransmitters

Biochemical changes

Recurrent Concussion, the author stated that traumatic brain injury has also been identified as a potential risk factor for the occurrence of which of the following disorders?

Neurodegenerative Dementing Disorders, including Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

Section 1. Dave, sustained a mild to moderate concussion. Since Dave has sustained a mild to moderate concussion, is it possible that Dave might eventually begin to show some signs indicative of neural behavioral problems?

Yes

Section 1. Does a neuropsychological assessment assist a patient in understanding possible residual so deficits: true or false?

true

Section 1. If your patient, who has sustained a mild to moderate concussion, do you think that your patient might eventually be referred to a neurologist for a comprehensive detailed neurological evaluation?

Yes

Section 1. Is Dave presently showing signs and symptoms of a panic disorder, or presently showing mood disorders?

If Dave is not showing any signs of panic or mood disorder, then neither

What are symptoms of mood or panic disorders?

Frequent periods of anxiety and rapid breathing, increased heart rate, sweating, trembling

Section 1. neuropsychological: a branch of psychology that is concerned with the brain and nervous system, true or false

true

Section 1. The goals of a neuropsychological assessment: to fulfill a patients care and patient recovery: true or false

true

The brain chemicals known as endorphins that attach to the same receptors as morphine produce similar results as what chemical?

opioids

the central nervous system structure that communicates with all the sense organs and muscles, except those of the head, is the

the spinal cord

There are two branches of the autonomic nervous system, what are they called:

parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

To which lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent?

Temporal lobe

True or false, Are rods more sensitive to faint light and are cones more useful in bright light?

true

True or false, Are rods more sensitive to faint light and are cones more useful in bright light?

true

What are neurons composed of?

Soma, dendrite, axon and presynaptic terminals

What are the names of the three catecholamine neurotransmitters?

dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

What do neuromodulators do? Are neuromodulators chemicals such as neuropeptides?

Neuromodulators are a chemical such as a neuropeptide that influences ongoing synaptic activity either enhancing or impeding neuronal transmission. Yes, a neuromodulator is a chemical such as a neuropeptide

What does a sensory neuron do?

A sensory neuron carries impulses from the receptor to the CNS (brain or spinal cord)

what does the opponent-process theory describe?

suggests that the visual system is responsive to 3 color pairs (red-green, blue-yellow, black-white)

What is the name of the pair of structures in the center of the forebrain?

Thalamus

What is the name of the part of the human nervous system that prepares our body for fight or flight?

sympathetic nervous system

What is the name of the structure that is directly under the thalamus, that regulates motivated behavior, (homeostasis and 4F's)

hypothalamus

What is the name of the structure that plays a role in memory formation, especially memories for individual events

hippocampus

when a person sees spoken language or music, they may be experiencing what?

synesthesia

When you see an object because the light is striking your retina, are you seeing the object because your brain is sending out sight rays? true or false

false

which color constancy theory can best explain why people who are wearing yellow colored glasses can still identify the color of a green apple?

Retinex theory

which kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?

Somatosensory receptors

Which lobe lying at the very back, is responsible for visual sensory input

occipital lobe

Which nervous system are emotional responses to a traumatic event most directly under the control of?

autonomic nervous system, specifically sympathetic nervous system

Which part of the nervous system relaxes the body and returns the body to a lower level of arousal?

parasympathetic nervous system

Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color?

cones