CompTIA A+ 1101

Transmission Control Protocol

formal connection setup, "reliable" delivery, recovery from error

UDP

A protocol used on the internet for fast transmission of information but with minimal error checking

File Transfer Protocol

Port 21

Secure Shell

Port 22 looks and acts the same as telnet

Telnet

Port 23 Login to devices remotely

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

port 25. send email from device to mail server

Domain Name System

Port 53. converts names into Ip addresses

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Port 80 communication in the browser and by other applications -In the clear or encrypted

Post Office Protocol 3

Port 110. A standard for retrieving e-mail messages from an e-mail server, To configure name and POP3 server username password is needed

Apple Filing Protocol

Port 548. populates the available devices, File management copy, move, delete files

internet message access Protocol

Port 143. Receive emails from an email server.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask and other options. Port 67/68

Hypertext transfer protocol secure

Port 443

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

Store and retrieve information in a network directory. Port 389

Remote Desktop Protocol

Port 3389

Simple Network Management Protocol

Gather stats from network devices. Port 161/162

NetBIOS

nbname, nbdatagram, nbsession

Port 137-139

server Message Block and common internet file system

File sharing and printer sharing

Port 445

Service Location Protocol

Port 427

•Find Mac OS services by name

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

What happens to data when the drive fails?

RAID 0

Striping, No redundancy, High performance, split between two or more physical drives

RAID 1

Mirroring, duplicated between two or more physical drives, Every file is duplicated, High redundancy

RAID 5

Striping with parity- Requires at least three disks, Files aren't duplicated, High redundancy

RAID 10

stripe of mirrors, The best of both worlds , Need at least 4 drives

Switches

Bridging done in hardware

Unmanaged Switches

Very few configuration, No VLANs

Managed Switches

VLAN support, Interconnect with other switches via 802.1Q

Patch Panels

-Combination of punch-down blocks and RJ-45 connectors

Ethernet over Power

Power-line communication, 500 mbps

Power over Ethernet

Power provided on an Ethernet cable, Built-in power are Endspans and In-line power injector are Midspans

Troubleshooting steps

1. Identify the problem.

2. Establish a theory

3. Test the theory

4. Establish a plan

5. Implement the solution

6. Verify full system functionality

7. Document findings

Infrastructure as a Service

A cloud computing technology useful for heavily utilized systems and networks.

Software as a Service

purchase licenses for software that expire at a certain date.

Platform as a Service

Provides cloud customers with an easy-to-configure operating system and on-demand computing

Internal cloud

- No resources are shared

- Build your own cloud

- Pay for everything up front

- No ongoing costs

External Cloud

- Share resources with a public cloud

- Underlying infrastructure owned by a third-party

- Cost may be metered or up front

Rapid elasticity

A cloud computing service that is capable of scaling up or down as a customer's need level changes.

On-demand self-service

users can increase storage and processing power as needed

Resource pooling

Cloud computing services to multiple customers that are hosted on shared physical resources

Virtual NIC

Connects a VM to a virtual switch,

Forwards the VMs network I/O in the form of Ethernet

frames to the virtual switch

Hypervisor

Software that creates and manages virtual machines on a server or on a local computer. Also called virtual machine manager (VMM).

OLED

Organic light emitting diode, no back light, no glass, more power hungry

port replicator

an external device that provides connections to peripheral devices through ports built into the device, smaller than docking station and doesn't have peripheral component interconnect express interface card options.

Peripheral Component Interconnect

a computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer.

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity

identifies a physical mobile device

International Mobile Subscriber Identity

Identifies the user of a mobile network, allows access to the wireless providers network to remain when swapping Subscriber Identification Module cards

Microsoft Exchange

A server application that can handle email, contacts, and calendars and is a popular application used by large corporations for employee email, contacts, and calendars.

Product Release Instructions

Allows phone to know how to use wireless network, updated over the air, radio settings

Preferred Roaming List

Allows phone to connect to tower, can be updated over the air

Network Interface Card

connects device to a network.

Solid State Drive (SSD)

No moving parts, silent, fast access time, less latency

2.5 or 1.8 inch

Magnetic Drive

spinning drive platters, more info same price as SSD

smart card reader

used to authenticate a person onto a network.

Optical Drive

A hardware device that uses lasers or light to read from, and maybe even write to

Wireless Wide Area Network

Cellular based wireless card that links electronic devices over long distances, slower than Local Area Network, (Point to point serial, MPLS)

Wireless Personal Area Network

bluetooth card

Video Card

often built into processor because there isn't enough room.

Mini Peripheral Component Interconnect installation

all the way into slot .no copper showing, screw in, wire antenna push on connector

Liquid Crystal Display

Any changes to native resolution may look blurry, light shines through liquid crystals

Alternating Current

A flow of electric charge that regularly reverses its direction, symbol is a squiggly line

Direct current

an electric current that flows in one direction steadily, symbol is a solid line with a dash line underneath

Alternating Current Adapter

converts Alternating to direct current, input voltage is 110, 220 volts

Laptop WiFi Antennas

The wires wrap around the laptop screen at the highest point

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp

Older laptop screens use to provide brightness

Inverter

A device that converts a direct current into an alternating current, some laptops have them.

verifying backlight on laptop

use a flashlight, if not working need to replace LCD inverter or display

augmented reality

the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it Ex. special glasses allow you to see an x-ray

Universal Serial Bus (USB) C

24 pin, 10 Gbps

Lightning Cable

8 pin, Higher power output and durable than traditional USB cable

Tethering

connect a device to your mobile phone, computer uses USB connection, may require service or configuration by wireless carrier

Near Field Communication

a very short-range wireless connectivity technology designed for cell phones and credit cards, Two way communication

Tip Ring Ring Sleeve

3.5mm jack allows wired headphone connectivity

Secure Sockets Layer

A protocol for managing the security of message transmissions on the Internet.

Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME)

Encrypt and digitally sign

Apple Mail

only supports Internet mail access protocol 4

Baseband radio processor

A network interface for your radio

isn't wifi or bluetooth

updated over the air

Virtual Private Network

A private data network that creates secure connections, over regular Internet lines

Router

Routes traffic between IP subnets, Local Area Network

Wireless Area Network

Copper

Fiber

wireless access point

enables devices to connect to a wireless network to communicate with each other, extends the wired network onto the wireless network

Wireless Local Area Network Controllers

Centralized management of Wireless Access Points, Used in hospitals and universities

Firewall

Block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication, filters traffic by port number

hub

multiport repeater, 10 to 100 mb

cable modem

provides high-speed Internet connections through the cable Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification television network. 4 to 250 mb Gb speeds are possible

Digital Subscriber Line modem

A device that sends and receives digital data to and from computers over telephone lines (RJ11 connector)

ADSL modem

10,000 ft limitation from central office, 52 mb downstream and 16 mb upstream (RJ11 connector)

bridge

Connects different physical networks

Quality of Service (QoS)

A feature of high end SOHO routers that changes the priority of traffic

Highest Encryption

WPA2-AES, WPA2 over WPA, Wired Equivalent Privacy is no good, use an open frequency

Media Access Control Filtering

allows or denies specific MAC addresses from connecting to a network device.

Whitelisting

Nothing passes through firewall unless it's approved

Blacklisting

Nothing on this list is allowed, URLs, domains, and IP addresses

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

Allows network devices to automatically configure and find other network devices

Network Address Translation

allows a private network address to communicate with a legally registered IP address because IPv4 is exhausted

Port Fowarding

Also called destination or static Network Address Translation, Destination address is translated from a public IP to a private one

Screened Subnet

also known as Demilitarized Zone, ports can configure to allow unrestricted access, bad idea, create more specific port forwarding rules

802.11a

54Mbps, 5GHz

802.11b

11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz, better range but more frequency conflict than 802.11a

802.11g

54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz, Backwards compatible with 802.11b

802.11n

600 Mbps, 5GHz and 2.4GHz, 40 MHz mode and 4 multiple input multiple output (MIMO)

802.11ac

1300 Mbps, 5GHz, up to 160 MHz of channel bandwidth, 8 Multi User Multiple Input Multiple output