Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Pharmaceutics

is the science of drug formulation(doses). Is the science of getting the drug into the body

Pharmacology

is the study of the biological effects of drug

Therapeutic

effects of the drug on the person

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion what the body does to the drug

Pharmacodynamic

what the drug does to the body on a molecular level, the therapeutic effects and side effects that occur

Affinity

refers to how strongly a drug binds to its target. A drug with high …… binds tightly and effectively to its receptor, which can enhance its therapeutic effects, and visa versa if low …...

Agonist

a ligand that binds to a receptor and causes a response

Antagonist

a ligand that binds to a receptor and prevents a response

Efficacy

how well the drug can activate the receptor

Ligand

a naturally occurring chemical or synthetic drug that binds to a receptor and causes a response

Partial agonist

No matter how much medication is used, it is one that cannot cause the maximum activation of a receptor population

Potency

how much drug is required to cause the response

Receptor

a specialized target macromolecule that binds a drug and mediates its pharmacological action

Specificity

relates to a drug's ability to distinguish between different receptors. The higher the ……., the better the drug is able to bind with intended targets

Substrate

drugs that bind to an active site of an enzyme and are transformed to a metabolite while present at the active site

Clearance

How quickly the drug is removed from the body

Volume of distribution (Vd)

How the drug spreads throughout the body's tissues

Half-life t1/2

The time it takes for the drug's concentration to reduce by half

Bioavailability (F)

The proportion of the drug that enters the bloodstream and is available for use

Absorption

entry of drugs/chemicals  into the body, through body tissues  and into the blood stream

Distribution

ability of the drug/chemical to spread throughout the body

Metabolism

enzyme reactions that break down the drugs/chemicals, to make them more easily dissolved in water so they can be removed from the body in fluids

Elimination

is the removal of a drug from the body by two ways

Excretion

the irreversible removal of drugs from the body

Cmax

maximum concentration of drug in blood following a dose

Tmax

the time after giving a dose at which Cmax occurs

Cmin

lowest concentration of drug in blood following a dose

Tmin

the  time after giving a dose at which Cmin occurs

AreaUnderCurve (AUC)

a measurement of total exposure to the drug following a dose