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Nat Turner
Led a violent slave rebellion in 1831 Virginia/He was killed and slave codes intensified
Know-Nothings
Anti-immigrant political party in the 1850s also known as the American Party
Commonwealth vs. Hunt
Case saying unions were not conspiracies against trade, but didn't fully legalized them
Gabriel Prosser
Leader of a 1800 slave rebellion in Virginia.
Denmark Vesey
Free Black who planned a major slave revolt.
Frederick Douglass
Former slave and prominent abolitionist leader who wrote The North Star newspaper
William Lloyd Garrison
Abolitionist known for 'The Liberator' newspaper who wanted immediate emancipation without compensation
Harriet Tubman
Escaped slave who led the Underground Railroad.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Author of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin', anti-slavery novel.
Angelina and Sarah Grimke
Sisters advocating for abolition and women's rights.
Sojourner Truth
Abolitionist and women's rights activist, famous speaker who made the Ain't I a Woman speech
Apologists
Individuals defending slavery as a positive good.
John Calhoun
Political leader advocating for states' rights and slavery.
John Tyler
10th U.S. President, annexed Texas in 1845.
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
1842 agreement resolving U.S.-British border disputes.
Manifest Destiny
Belief in U.S. expansion across North America.
Stephen Austin
Leader in the colonization of Texas by Americans.
Empresarios
Land agents promoting settlement in Texas.
Alamo
Site of a pivotal battle in Texas Revolution.
Lone Star Republic
Independent nation of Texas from 1836 to 1845.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1848 treaty ending the Mexican-American War.
Oregon Trail
Route for westward expansion to Oregon Territory.
James Polk
11th U.S. President, expanded territory significantly.
54 40' or Fight!
Slogan advocating for U.S. control of all of Oregon, but 49th parallel ended up being the dividing line
Gadsden Purchase
1853 acquisition of land from Mexico for $10 million to be able to build a transcontinental railroad
Ostend Manifesto
1854 document advocating for U.S. acquisition of Cuba.
Walker Mission
Filibustering expeditions to Central America in 1850s.
Wilmot Proviso
Proposal to ban slavery in territories from Mexico.
Free-Soil Party
Political party opposing the expansion of slavery.
Compromise of 1850
Series of laws to ease tensions over slavery (Cal is free, NM and Utah use popular sovereignty, Washington DC can't be used for the slave trade, TX gives up border claims for $, new stricter Fugitive Slave Act passed = most controversial part
Henry Clay
Key figure in crafting the Compromise of 1850.
Daniel Webster
Senator who supported the Compromise of 1850.
Stephen Douglas
Senator promoting popular sovereignty in territories who created the Kansas Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty
Allowing territories to decide on slavery themselves.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854 law creating Kansas and Nebraska territories.
Bleeding Kansas
Violence over slavery in Kansas Territory, 1854-1859.
Pottawatomie Massacre
John Brown's violent retaliation against pro-slavery forces.
John Brown
Abolitionist who believed in violent resistance / active in Kansas and then led the Harpers Ferry Raid
Brooks vs. Sumner Caning
1856 incident highlighting sectional tensions in Congress.
LeCompton Constitution
Pro-slavery constitution proposed for Kansas statehood.