Key Figures and Events in Antebellum America

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40 Terms

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Nat Turner

Led a violent slave rebellion in 1831 Virginia/He was killed and slave codes intensified

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Know-Nothings

Anti-immigrant political party in the 1850s also known as the American Party

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Commonwealth vs. Hunt

Case saying unions were not conspiracies against trade, but didn't fully legalized them

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Gabriel Prosser

Leader of a 1800 slave rebellion in Virginia.

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Denmark Vesey

Free Black who planned a major slave revolt.

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Frederick Douglass

Former slave and prominent abolitionist leader who wrote The North Star newspaper

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William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist known for 'The Liberator' newspaper who wanted immediate emancipation without compensation

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Harriet Tubman

Escaped slave who led the Underground Railroad.

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Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin', anti-slavery novel.

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Angelina and Sarah Grimke

Sisters advocating for abolition and women's rights.

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Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist and women's rights activist, famous speaker who made the Ain't I a Woman speech

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Apologists

Individuals defending slavery as a positive good.

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John Calhoun

Political leader advocating for states' rights and slavery.

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John Tyler

10th U.S. President, annexed Texas in 1845.

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Webster-Ashburton Treaty

1842 agreement resolving U.S.-British border disputes.

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Manifest Destiny

Belief in U.S. expansion across North America.

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Stephen Austin

Leader in the colonization of Texas by Americans.

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Empresarios

Land agents promoting settlement in Texas.

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Alamo

Site of a pivotal battle in Texas Revolution.

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Lone Star Republic

Independent nation of Texas from 1836 to 1845.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1848 treaty ending the Mexican-American War.

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Oregon Trail

Route for westward expansion to Oregon Territory.

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James Polk

11th U.S. President, expanded territory significantly.

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54 40' or Fight!

Slogan advocating for U.S. control of all of Oregon, but 49th parallel ended up being the dividing line

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Gadsden Purchase

1853 acquisition of land from Mexico for $10 million to be able to build a transcontinental railroad

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Ostend Manifesto

1854 document advocating for U.S. acquisition of Cuba.

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Walker Mission

Filibustering expeditions to Central America in 1850s.

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Wilmot Proviso

Proposal to ban slavery in territories from Mexico.

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Free-Soil Party

Political party opposing the expansion of slavery.

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Compromise of 1850

Series of laws to ease tensions over slavery (Cal is free, NM and Utah use popular sovereignty, Washington DC can't be used for the slave trade, TX gives up border claims for $, new stricter Fugitive Slave Act passed = most controversial part

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Henry Clay

Key figure in crafting the Compromise of 1850.

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Daniel Webster

Senator who supported the Compromise of 1850.

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Stephen Douglas

Senator promoting popular sovereignty in territories who created the Kansas Nebraska Act

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Popular Sovereignty

Allowing territories to decide on slavery themselves.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 law creating Kansas and Nebraska territories.

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Bleeding Kansas

Violence over slavery in Kansas Territory, 1854-1859.

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Pottawatomie Massacre

John Brown's violent retaliation against pro-slavery forces.

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John Brown

Abolitionist who believed in violent resistance / active in Kansas and then led the Harpers Ferry Raid

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Brooks vs. Sumner Caning

1856 incident highlighting sectional tensions in Congress.

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LeCompton Constitution

Pro-slavery constitution proposed for Kansas statehood.