Social Studies Study Guide Ch.4: Busy Cities

Social Studies Study Guide Ch.4: Busy Cities

rural

type of community that is outside a city, often has fewer people but has more farms and land, and is characteristic of the countryside

when oil is applied to machinery parts to help them move more easily

lubricate

petroleum

oil drilled from the ground that took the place of whale oil

subway

an underground railroad

the name given to a group of people who controlled the way a city ran

machine

raw material

a resource that is used to make a product

John D. Rockefeller

most important man in the oil business

strike

when people stop work in order to get something, such as more money or better benefits

treating people unjustly because of the color of their skin

racial discrimination

row house

a house in a row of houses built without any space between them

a book of questions and answers that teaches about God and the Bible

catechism

tenement

housing where the poorest Americans lived

thin, light-colored oil used to light lamps and lubricate machines

kerosene

refine

the process to purify oil

a set of rooms within a building that a person or family can rent to live

apartment

most important steel manufacturer in the nation

Andrew Carnegie

Explain how the Civil War improved the way business worked

During the Civil War, Americans learned how to think big. Business improved in the management of time, supplies, and people.

a group of workers that unite to go on strike

labor union

the most important industry after the Civil War

railroad industry

Social Darwinism

view based on Darwin’s ideas of survival of the fittest

type of community that consists of mostly houses, people driving to work, and some people traveling to the city to work

suburban

urban

type of community that consists of subways, tall buildings, homes and buildings built close together, and has a high population, a city