[PCOL-SEMIS-01-PT1] AUTACOIDS

THIS FLASHCARDS IS ABOUT [PCOL] AUTACOIDS.

Autacoids

An endogenous substance or ligand that is naturally synthesized in our body.

Pathological Processes

Autacoids contributes to the ____________ in our body; associated with diseases.

Histamine

What is one example of autacoids?

Allergic Reaction

(This is an example of a pathological process)

If the number of histamine in the body is elevated, what will be the result?

1. Autos

2. Self

The “Aut” in autacoids came from the Greek word (1)____, meaning (2)____.

1. Acos

2. Remedy/Healing

(It means “self-healing”)

The “Coids” in autacoids came from the Greek word (1)____, meaning (2)____.

Local Action

Once the autacoid is produced in our body, what is the action?

Autacoids

This refers to the site of action is within the site of release; there is no systemic effect.

Local Hormones

Autacoids are also known as?

Very short half life

What is the half life of autacoids?

• Bradykinin

• Eicosanoids

• Serotonin

• Histamine

What are the (4) Examples of Autacoids?

Hint: BESH

Bradykinin

This autacoid is a very powerful endogenous vasodilator.

Local Hormones

These are produced by many cells.

Hormones

These are produced only by specific gland.

Insulin

An example for hormone, this is only produced by the beta cells in the pancreatic gland (pancreas).

Local Action

What is the action of local hormones?; Not distributed systemically by the blood circulation and cannot be transported in the circulation to produce systemic effect.

Systemic Effect

What is the effect of hormones?

Blood sugar level

The insulin regulates the ____________ in our body.

• Skin

• Mucous layer of the lungs

• GIT

The histamine is present in high concentration in the (3)?

• Mast Cell

• Basophil

• ECL Cell

• Histaminergic Neuron

What are the (4) Major Histamine-producing Cells?

Hint: MABEHI

• Mast Cell

• Basophil

These two major histamine-producing cells is a type of white blood cell.

Enterochromaffin-Like Cell

ECL stands for?

Fundus of the Stomach

Where is the Enterochromaffin-Like Cell found?

Gastric Acid

(If histamine is released by ECL in the fundus of stomach it will elevate the gastric acid)

ECL is associated in the elevation of?

Supplemental Info Only

Histamines are also found in the histaminergic neuron (CNS, Brain); Histaminergic Neuron is the neurotransmitter.

Neurotransmitter

Histaminergic Neuron is the?

Activation Signals/Triggers

To release the histamine via the four major histamine-producing cells, we need the?

• IgE crosslinking

• Complement

• Allergy-inducing drugs

What are the (3) Activation Signals of Mast Cells?

Hint: ICA

• IgE crosslinking

• Complement

• Allergy-inducing drugs

What are the (3) Activation Signals of Basophil?

Hint: ICA

• Somatostatin

• Gastrin

What are the (2) Activation Signals of Enterochromaffin-Like Cells (ECL)?

Hint: SOM-G (Samgyup)

Activation of:

• N-methyl-D-aspartate

• U opioid receptors

• Dopamine (D₂) receptors

• Serotonin receptors

What are the (4) Activation Signals of Histaminergic Neuron?

Hint: NUDS