health assessment - renal, gastrointestinal, hydration and nutrition

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and general health assessment concepts from the lecture notes.

Anorexia

A lack or loss of appetite for food (as a medical condition).

Ascites

The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones.

Constipation

A condition in which there is difficulty in emptying the bowels, usually associated with hardened feces.

Diarrhea

A condition in which feces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form.

Dyspepsia

Indigestion; persistent or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen.

Dysphagia

Difficulty in swallowing.

Functional (nonulcer) dyspepsia

Chronic or recurrent upper abdominal pain or discomfort without an identified structural cause, and not relieved by defecation or associated with the onset of changes in stool frequency or form.

Functional incontinence

Urinary incontinence associated with physical or psychological impairments that hinder one's ability to get to the toilet in time.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A chronic digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the food pipe, irritating the lining.

Heartburn

A burning sensation in the chest, often caused by acid reflux from the stomach into the esophagus.

Hematemesis

The vomiting of blood.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in urine.

Incisional hernias

A type of hernia that occurs through a surgical incision where the abdominal wall has been weakened.

Mixed incontinence

A combination of stress incontinence and urge incontinence.

Nocturia

The need to wake and pass urine at night.

Odynophagia

Painful swallowing.

Overflow incontinence

The involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistension of the bladder.

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

Polyuria

The production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis due to bacterial infection.

Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen.

Umbilical hernia

A hernia where abdominal contents push out through a weakened area around the navel (belly button).

Urge incontinence

Involuntary loss of urine associated with a sudden, strong desire to void.

Urinary frequency

The need to urinate more often than usual.

Urinary incontinence

The involuntary leakage of urine.

Ventral hernia

A type of hernia that occurs in the abdominal wall, often in the midline, not including umbilical or incisional hernias.

Body mass index (BMI)

A measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women.

Nutritional status

The condition of the body resulting from the intake and use of nutrients.

Stadiometers

Devices used to measure height.