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44 Terms
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1
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What did the 14th Amendment guarantee for African Americans?
Made African Americans citizens and guaranteed equal protection under the law.
2
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What is the 15th Amendment known for?
Guaranteed African Americans the right to vote.
3
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What was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
Made segregation 'legal' in the United States.
4
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What did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) declare?
Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
5
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Who was Rosa Parks?
Her refusal to give up her bus seat sparked the Civil Rights Movement.
6
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What event did Rosa Parks' arrest lead to?
The Montgomery Bus Boycott.
7
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What was the Southern Manifesto?
A document signed by 101 Southern Congressmen denouncing the Brown v. Board ruling.
8
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What organization did the NAACP represent?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
9
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Who were the founders of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
A group of college students (black and white) dedicated to voter registration drives.
10
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What tragic event is associated with Freedom Summer?
The murders of three civil rights workers in Mississippi.
11
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What was the purpose of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
To encourage African Americans to vote and eliminate segregation.
12
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Who was Fannie Lou Hamer?
A SNCC organizer and civil rights activist from Mississippi.
13
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What were the three demands of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Courteous treatment, hiring of black drivers, and first-come first-served seating.
14
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What was Eisenhower’s stance on desegregation?
Sympathetic but fearful of the effects of overturning segregation.
15
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What was significant about the Little Rock Nine?
They were nine African American students who integrated an all-white high school.
16
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What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?
Outlawed segregation in most public places and ensured equal access for minorities.
17
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What did the 24th Amendment achieve?
Abolished poll taxes that disenfranchised poorer voters, particularly African Americans.
18
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What sparked the Selma March, also known as Bloody Sunday?
Violence against African Americans trying to register to vote.
19
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What was the outcome of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Authorized federal examiners to bypass local officials to register voters.
20
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How did Malcolm X's beliefs evolve throughout his life?
He preached black nationalism, initially advocated violence for self-defense, but later abandoned some of his earlier beliefs.
21
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Who led the Black Power Movement?
Stokely Carmichael.
22
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What were the primary goals of the Black Panthers?
To fight police brutality and end racial oppression; control community institutions.
23
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What event marked the tragic end of the civil rights movement?
The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968.
24
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What song became an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement?
'We Shall Overcome'.
25
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What protest strategy involved sitting at lunch counters until served or arrested?
Sit-ins.
26
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Who was Medgar Evers?
A civil rights activist who worked for the NAACP and was assassinated.
27
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What was the purpose of Freedom Riders in the Civil Rights Movement?
To challenge segregation in interstate bus terminals.
28
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Who encouraged African Americans to assert their rights and identity in the Black Power Movement?
Stokely Carmichael.
29
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What legislative action allowed for federal intervention to register voters?
The Voting Rights Act of 1965.
30
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What was the significance of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
It successfully ended segregation on public buses in Montgomery.
31
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Who organized the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?
Fannie Lou Hamer.
32
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What battle was highlighted by the mass violence against marchers in Birmingham?
The civil rights marches and discrimination in the South.
33
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What was Martin Luther King Jr.'s role in the Civil Rights Movement?
He was a key leader advocating for non-violent civil disobedience.
34
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What tired argument did the Southern Manifesto claim about Brown v. Board?
That it was a 'clear abuse of judicial power'.
35
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What did President Lyndon B. Johnson do to promote civil rights?
He supported and signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
36
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What significant action did President Kennedy take regarding school desegregation?
Sent federal marshals to ensure James Meredith could register at Ole Miss.
37
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What did the term 'Jim Crow laws' refer to?
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
38
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How did public sentiment change due to events like Emmett Till's murder?
It raised awareness of the brutal realities of racism and violence against African Americans.
39
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What major demographic shift occurred in Southern voter registrations after the Voting Rights Act?
An increase in African American voters registered to vote.
40
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What does the term 'sit-in' refer to in the context of civil rights protests?
A method of nonviolent protest where participants occupy a space until their demands are met.
41
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What was the purpose of the Selma to Montgomery marches?
To demand voting rights for African Americans.
42
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What characterized the tactics of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
Non-violent direct action to challenge segregation and promote voter registration.
43
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What milestone did the Civil Rights Movement achieve in 1964?
The passage of the Civil Rights Act, ending legal segregation.
44
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What role did media play in civil rights protests?
It broadcasted injustices and drew national attention to the Civil Rights Movement.