CRM

What did the 14th Amendment guarantee for African Americans?

Made African Americans citizens and guaranteed equal protection under the law.

What is the 15th Amendment known for?

Guaranteed African Americans the right to vote.

What was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

Made segregation 'legal' in the United States.

What did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) declare?

Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Who was Rosa Parks?

Her refusal to give up her bus seat sparked the Civil Rights Movement.

What event did Rosa Parks' arrest lead to?

The Montgomery Bus Boycott.

What was the Southern Manifesto?

A document signed by 101 Southern Congressmen denouncing the Brown v. Board ruling.

What organization did the NAACP represent?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Who were the founders of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

A group of college students (black and white) dedicated to voter registration drives.

What tragic event is associated with Freedom Summer?

The murders of three civil rights workers in Mississippi.

What was the purpose of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?

To encourage African Americans to vote and eliminate segregation.

Who was Fannie Lou Hamer?

A SNCC organizer and civil rights activist from Mississippi.

What were the three demands of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Courteous treatment, hiring of black drivers, and first-come first-served seating.

What was Eisenhower’s stance on desegregation?

Sympathetic but fearful of the effects of overturning segregation.

What was significant about the Little Rock Nine?

They were nine African American students who integrated an all-white high school.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?

Outlawed segregation in most public places and ensured equal access for minorities.

What did the 24th Amendment achieve?

Abolished poll taxes that disenfranchised poorer voters, particularly African Americans.

What sparked the Selma March, also known as Bloody Sunday?

Violence against African Americans trying to register to vote.

What was the outcome of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Authorized federal examiners to bypass local officials to register voters.

How did Malcolm X's beliefs evolve throughout his life?

He preached black nationalism, initially advocated violence for self-defense, but later abandoned some of his earlier beliefs.

Who led the Black Power Movement?

Stokely Carmichael.

What were the primary goals of the Black Panthers?

To fight police brutality and end racial oppression; control community institutions.

What event marked the tragic end of the civil rights movement?

The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968.

What song became an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement?

'We Shall Overcome'.

What protest strategy involved sitting at lunch counters until served or arrested?

Sit-ins.

Who was Medgar Evers?

A civil rights activist who worked for the NAACP and was assassinated.

What was the purpose of Freedom Riders in the Civil Rights Movement?

To challenge segregation in interstate bus terminals.

Who encouraged African Americans to assert their rights and identity in the Black Power Movement?

Stokely Carmichael.

What legislative action allowed for federal intervention to register voters?

The Voting Rights Act of 1965.

What was the significance of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

It successfully ended segregation on public buses in Montgomery.

Who organized the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?

Fannie Lou Hamer.

What battle was highlighted by the mass violence against marchers in Birmingham?

The civil rights marches and discrimination in the South.

What was Martin Luther King Jr.'s role in the Civil Rights Movement?

He was a key leader advocating for non-violent civil disobedience.

What tired argument did the Southern Manifesto claim about Brown v. Board?

That it was a 'clear abuse of judicial power'.

What did President Lyndon B. Johnson do to promote civil rights?

He supported and signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.

What significant action did President Kennedy take regarding school desegregation?

Sent federal marshals to ensure James Meredith could register at Ole Miss.

What did the term 'Jim Crow laws' refer to?

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

How did public sentiment change due to events like Emmett Till's murder?

It raised awareness of the brutal realities of racism and violence against African Americans.

What major demographic shift occurred in Southern voter registrations after the Voting Rights Act?

An increase in African American voters registered to vote.

What does the term 'sit-in' refer to in the context of civil rights protests?

A method of nonviolent protest where participants occupy a space until their demands are met.

What was the purpose of the Selma to Montgomery marches?

To demand voting rights for African Americans.

What characterized the tactics of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

Non-violent direct action to challenge segregation and promote voter registration.

What milestone did the Civil Rights Movement achieve in 1964?

The passage of the Civil Rights Act, ending legal segregation.

What role did media play in civil rights protests?

It broadcasted injustices and drew national attention to the Civil Rights Movement.