biological molecules

carbohydrate

compounds of hydrogen oxygen and carbon only. that displays ration 2:1 between H and O

polymer (wall/large)

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

monomer (brick/ small)

monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids nd glycerol, nucleotide

monosaccharides

monomer of carbon. range from 3 carbon to 7 carbon, grouped as trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses. soluble in h2o, all are reducing sugar, e.g glucose, fructose, galactose

benedict solution (blue)

carbohydrate which can react with it are called reducing sugar and which

don’t are called non reducing sugar.

colour change in benedict solution when react with reducing sugar

blue to green to yellow to orange and to brick red

disaccharide

when 2 monosaccharide are combined together via condensation, disaccharide is formed. all of them are soluble in water, all of them are reducing sugars except sucrose

examples of disaccharide

2 glucose combined to form maltose+h2o, glucose+fructose=sucrose(sugar)+h20

glucose+galactose=lactose(milk)+h20

polysaccharides

when large numbers of monosaccharides are combined via condensation. these are most complex category of carbs. they are insoluble in h20, all are non-reducing sugar, e.g starch, glycogen and cellulose

starch

starch is the reserve food in plants stored in roots only breakdown to produce energy when needed.

glycogen

is reserve food in animals and human stored in liver and muscles provides energy when needed

cellulose

is a structural carb which is plant cell wall is made up of that provide structural support to the plant

starch test with iodine solution (instant)

will turn blue black from yellow brown

protein test with biuret solution

blue to purple

vitamin c test with dcpip solution (blue)

blue to colorless