TLE Q3 QZ1

ANIMAL; PRODUCTION

Brooding

natural or artificial means of supplying heat to newly hatched chick from day old to two weeks

Castration

(also referred to as gelding, spaying, neutering, fixing, orchiectomy, and oophorectomy) is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which a male loses the functions of the testicles, or a female loses the functions of the ovaries.

Equipment

powertool machines used in animal production

Fencing tool

devices for fence construction and layout of animal houses

flammable

easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly

INTRODUCTION

Farmers provide us with food through domesticated animals. Farmers work rigorously day in and day out they wake up early in the morning and go home late in the afternoon, work during sunny and rainy days. Despite these working conditions, farming is one of the many needed skills in our country and the world. There are a lot of opportunities for farmers here and abroad. In other countries, Filipino farmers earn more than what ordinary employees receive in the Philippines.

GARDEN TOOLS

Every small farm needs a flat spade and a pointed spade for digging. A good digging fork is a multipurpose tool, used for breaking up and turning soil in the garden, harvesting, and for manure cleanup around the barn.

Spade.

It is used for removing trash or soil, digging canals or ditches and mixing soil media.

Shovel

are used for cleaning ditches, digging, and moving soil and other granular material.

Rake

It is used for cleaning the ground and leveling the topsoil.

Bolo

is a large cutting tool of Filipino origin similar to the machete, used particularly in the jungles of Indonesia, the Philippines, and in the sugar fields of Cuba. The primary use for the bolo is clearing vegetation, whether for agriculture or during trail blazing.
The bolo is called an itak in Tagalog while in Hiligaynon, the blade is referred to as either a binangon or a talibong

All-purpose bolo

Used for all sorts of odd jobs, including breaking open coconuts.

Haras

Similar to a small scythe, it is used for cutting tall grass.

Kutsilyo

The term comes from the Spanish word cuchillo, meaning knife. Generally used to kill and bleed pigs during slaughter.

Bolo-guna

For digging roots and weeding

Garab

Used to harvest rice

Pinuti

1. Traditionally it is tipped in snake, spider, or scroption venom used for self defence

Sundang

1. pposedly used mainly to open

coconuts. also called "tip bolo" or itak,
was a popular weapon of choice in the revolution
against the Spanish colonial government and during the
Philippine–American War.

Spading fork

is used for loosening the soil, digging out root crops, and turning over the materials in a compost heat

ELECTRIC TOOLS

There are dozens of electric powertools available at hardware and home stores, but there are two must-haves for any type of around-the-farm construction project:

1. a circular saw; and

2. a drill/driver (preferably the rechargeable battery operated type).

FENCING TOOLS

Farms and fences go hand-in-hand. Plan on purchasing a fence-post driver. A driver is a heavy iron tube that goes over the top of a T-post, and that has handles on the side. You use it to pound the post into the ground. A pair of fence pliers is a great, and fairly inexpensive, specialty tool to have.

Dropping board

These fixtures should be providedin the laying house to facilitate the collection of manure.

perches

These are horizontal poles where birds can sit and rest especially during nighttime. Sufficient perches should be constructed to prevent the birds from crowding at night

Nest

Hens or layers lay their eggs in a nest. A nest could be either open or closed. The nest should be built on a partition or end walls. It should be high enough above the floor so that the hens can work under the

Feeding troughs

These should be constructed to keep the hens from scratching the feeds and wasting it especially when the birds are laying eggs

Drinking troughs

Drinking jars should be large and sufficient enough to supply the water needs of the birds for the whole day. It is estimated that one kerosene can of water approximately 29 litters is enough for 100 layers the whole day

Feed bins

These are containers where feeds are stored for future use. Feeds can also be kept in petroleum cans which are cheap, rat-proof, and if painted, will last longer

Incubator

a device for maintaining the eggs of birds to allow them to hatch

Brooder

is a heated container that can have its temperature controlled in at least one area. It is used to confine chicks with their feed and water until they are 2 weeks old and ready to go outside.

Breeding Crate

This is used when breeding gilt to a large boar or a large sow to a junior boar. The construction of the breeding crate should be durable enough to support the additional weight of a boar. The gilt or sow in heat is confined inside the crate before the boar is allowed to enter for mating.

Farrowing crate or stall

Due to its limited space, this equipment minimizes the movement of the sow and reduces the possibility of death of piglets due to crushing.

Farrowing Stall Types

also prevents the sow from eating feeds given to piglets before weaning time. There are two types of farrowing stalls: the detachable and the permanent types. In the detachable type, six pieces of galvanized iron pipes, three inches in diameter, are needed. Three pipes are installed on both sides of the pen to form rails.

Heat lamps and brooders.

Baby pigs can be kept comfortable by providing brooders with a 50 to 100-watt bulb, especially during rainy or cold days. Brooders and heat lamps must be located on any side of the farrowing stall. Be sure that the sow will not touch the brooder. Also, make sure that it is not electrically grounded

Water System

A pressurized with pipes extending to the hog houses is the most desirable type. A minimum pressure of five (5) kg per sq cm and 500 gallons an hour is necessary. This will eliminate labor in fetching water.

Shipping crate

This handy piece of equipment is ideal to use when transporting pigs

Castration rack

This is V- shaped equipment used during castration. The piglets arelaid down with its back on the rack

Feed cart

This equipment is used to transport feeds during feeding time. It canaccommodate 100 kg of feed.

Self-feeders

come in various types, but the built-in concrete feeder is preferred. A self–feeder should be designed and constructed so that feed wastage is minimized and the rate of flow of the feed can be regulated. Durability and ease in cleaning should also be taken into consideration. Make sure that it can hold sufficient feeds to last for several days.

Waterers

Pigs will consume 2.0 to 2.5 pounds of water per kg of dry feed. Automatic waterers are advantageous. If the nozzle type waterers are used, they must be placed 24 to 30 inches above the floor for sows and growing pigs, one automatic cup or nozzle for each pig pen is normally sufficient to supply the water needs of the animals

Livestock trailer

There are several different styles of trailers used to haul livestock such as cattle and horses. The most common is the stock trailer - a trailer that is enclosed at the bottom but has openings at approximately the eye level of the animals to allow ventilation. The horse trailer is a more elaborate form of stock trailer

Pickup truck

t is a lighta motor vehicle with an open-top rear cargo area (bed)