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Cerebellum
Section of the brain that coordinates body movements, including balance.
Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain, consisting of the left and right hemispheres.
Diencephalon
Area of the brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, meta thalamus, and hypothalamus; also known as the interbrain.
Epithalamus
The uppermost portion of the diencephalon, which includes the pineal gland and regulates sleep-cycle hormones.
Fissures
The uniformly positioned, deep grooves in the brain.
Frontal lobes
Sections of the brain located behind the forehead.
Hypothalamus
A portion of the diencephalon, which regulates functions such as metabolism, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Lobes
The name for the four regions of the brain-frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.
Medulla oblongata
The lower portion of the brain stem, which regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing and controls several reflexes.
Meninges
Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Midbrain
Relay station for sensory and motor impulses; located on the superior end of the brain stem.
Occipital lobes
Sections of the brain located behind the parietal lobes; integrate sensory information from the skin, internal organs, muscles, and joints.
Parietal lobes
Sections of the brain located behind the frontal lobes'; integrate sensory information from the skin, internal organs, muscles, and joints.
Pons
The section of the brain that plays a role in regulating breathing.
Primary motor cortex
Outer region of the brain in the frontal lobes that sends neural impulses to the skeletal muscles.
Primary somatic sensory cortex
Outer region of the brain in the parietal lobes that interprets sensory impulses received from the skin, internal organs, muscles, and joints.
Spinal cord
A column of nerve tissue that extends from the brain stem to the beginning of the lumbar region of the spine.
Temporal lobes
The most inferior portions of the brain; responsible for speech, hearing, vision, memory, and emotion
Thalamus
The largest portion of the diencephalon, which communicates sensory and motor information between the body and the cerebral cortex.
Cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves that originate in the brain and relay impulses to and from the PNS.
Craniosacral division
The parasympathetic nervous system, in which nerves originate in the brain stem or sacral region of the spinal cord
Dorsal ramus
The division of posterior spinal nerves that transmit motor impulses to the posterior trunk muscles and relay sensory impulses from the skin of the back
Endoneurium
A delicate, connective tissue that surrounds each nerve fiber
Epineurium
The tough outer covering of a nerve
Ganglion
A mass of nervous tissue composed mostly of nerve-cell bodies
Norepinephrine
A neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system
Paravertebral ganglia
Mass of nerve cell bodies close to the spinal cord
Perineurium
A protective sheath that surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers
Plexuses
Complex interconnections of nerves
Postganglionic neuron
The second neuron in a series that transmits impulses from the CNS
Preganglionic neuron
The first neuron in a series that transmits impulses from the CNS
Spinal nerves
Neural transmitters that branch from the left and right sides of the spinal cord
Thoracolumbar division
The sympathetic system of nerves that lies near the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine
Ventral ramus
The anterior division of spinal nerves that communicate with the muscle and skin of the anterior and lateral trunk
