human induced hazards pt. 1 (mod #4)

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human induced hazards

refer to hazards or threats having elements of human intent, negligence, error and/or involving a failure of a system;

these hazards may result to disasters

technological hazards

TYPES OF HAZARDS:

originate from industrial accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or certain human activities;

may cause loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation

• ex. structure collapse, fire, vehicular accidents and sea mishaps, oil spills

environmental hazards

TYPES OF HAZARDS:

these pose a threat from the surrounding environment;

cover broad spectrum of acute (serious) and chronic (long lasting) effects of industrial, agricultural, and naturally occurring microorganisms, chemicals and radiation in soil, water, air, food, and wastes

socio-economic, political, security hazards

TYPES OF HAZARDS:

caused by criminal and human violence;

pose threat to the security of a great number of people;

may be motivated by political or economic reasons

• ex. insurgency, terrorism

asphyxiation (choking/suffocation)

CHARACS. OF FIRES:

this the leading cause of death in a fire over burns (by 3: 1 ratio);

• fire consumes oxygen, increasing carbon monoxide concentration causing carbon monoxide poisoning and possible death within minutes;

1,100 Fahrenheit

CHARACS. OF FIRES:

heat temperatures exceed _____;

• fire produces black smoke that blocks vision and stings the eyes and makes It difficult to navigate buildings on fire

43%, February

UNDER FIRES:

a study done by Velasco from 2010-2012 presents these:

• about ___% of fires occurred in the first 4 months of the year, highest in ______

August

UNDER FIRES:

a study done by Velasco from 2010-2012 presents these:

• Lowest number of fires were observed in _____.

• Fires occurred mostly from 12:01 AM to 3 AM and occurred at least from 6:01 AM and 9 AM

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

High incidence from December to April corresponds to the dry season while low incidence from June to October corresponds roughly to wet season in the country

faulty electrical wiring & neglected open flames

UNDER FIRES:

these were the most common causes of fires reported

• Majority of fires involved residential areas at 70.2%, followed by commercial areas at 16.9%

1. Manor Hotel Fire

2. Kentex Manufacturing Fire

3. Ozone Disco Fire

THREE TRAGIC FIRES IN PH:

1. happened on August 18, 2001 (Quezon City, 75 deaths)

2. happened on May 13, 2015 (Valenzuela, 72 deaths)

3. happened on March 18, 1996 (Quezon City, 160 deaths)

1. NCCC Mall

2. Manila Pavilion Hotel Fire

RECENT FIRES IN PH:

1. happened on December 23, 2017 (Davao City, 37 deaths)

2. happened on March 18, 2018 (Manila, 6 deaths)

fire tetrahedron

term used to refer to heat, fuel, oxygen, & combustion/chemical rxn (elements needed for a fire to develop)

oxygen

FIRE TETRAHEDRON:

makes up about 21% of the air that we breathe;

a fire is sustained at a16% ____ in the air

heat

FIRE TETRAHEDRON:

many types of fires will generate their own ____ once burning

fuel

FIRE TETRAHEDRON:

any combustible material (solid, liquid or a gas)

chemical reaction - combustion/burning

FIRE TETRAHEDRON:

this is a rapid oxidation process that occurs when heat, fuel, and oxygen are present

False; should be all

TRUE OR FALSE:

For fire to occur, not all elements are needed.

Class A

CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS:

Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics, solid combustible materials that are not metals

Class B

CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS:

flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, grease, acetone;

liquid non-metallic combustible material

electrical

CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS:

electrical fires; energized electrical equipment, as long as it is plugged in, is considered a class ___ fire;

faulty wiring, short circuits, appliances, switches, power tools, overloaded circuits

Class D

CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS:

combustible metals such as potassium, sodium, titanium, aluminum, magnesium

Class F or K

CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS:

cooking media

1. Pull the pin in the handle

2. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire

3. Squeeze the lever slowly

4. Sweep from side to side

4 steps in using a fire extinguisher

1. equipment failure

2. Lack of Proper Training and Human Error

3. Collisions at Sea

4. Poor Maintenance

common reasons for sea mishaps

St Thomas Aquinas

MAJOR HISTORICAL SEA ACCIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YRS:

At least 26 people were confirmed dead and 215 others went missing after the passenger ferry collided with a cargo ship MV Sulpicio Express Siete, near the port of Cebu (August 16, 2013)

The Princess of the Stars ferry

MAJOR HISTORICAL SEA ACCIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YRS:

sailed into a typhoon and tips over near the Coast of Sibuyan Island;

of the 850 on board, only 57 survive (June 2008)

Superferry 14

MAJOR HISTORICAL SEA ACCIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YRS:

Islamist militants firebombed the ______ near Manila Bay, leaving 116 dead (February 2004)

Cargo vessel Anahanda

MAJOR HISTORICAL SEA ACCIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YRS:

overloaded with passengers, sinks off the southern island of Jolo;

about 100 of the estimated 150 people on board die (April 2000)

Princess of the Orient ferry

MAJOR HISTORICAL SEA ACCIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YRS:

sinks off Batangas City south of Manila; about 150 die (September 1998)

A Singaporean freighter hits the ferry Cebu City

MAJOR HISTORICAL SEA ACCIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YRS:

crash in Manila Bay, leaving about 140 dead (December 1994)

Dona Paz ferry

MAJOR HISTORICAL SEA ACCIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YRS:
collided with an oil tanker off Mindoro Island near Manila, leaving more than 4,300 dead in the world’s worst peacetime shipping disaster (December 1987)

Iloilo-Guimaras Sea Mishap

RECENT SEA MISHAPS:

2 motorboats, Chi-chi and Keziah capsized due to squall. After a few hours, another motorboat, Jenny Vince, capsized, leaving 31 casualties

Talim Island boat tragedy

RECENT SEA MISHAPS:

MB Princess Aya capsized in Laguna Lake near Binangonan and leaving 27 casualties

armed conflict

TYPES OF HUMAN INDUCED HAZARDS:

this exists whenever there is a resort to armed force between States;

involves armed engagements between two parties, where at least one of the

parties is the government of a country;

lead to significant battle related and civilian casualties

international armed conflict

TYPES OF ARMED CONFLICTS:

between opposing two or more States

• ex. Palestine-Is**el conflict

non-international armed conflcits

TYPES OF ARMED CONFLICTS:

between governmental forces and nongovernmental armed groups;

between nongovernment groups only

• ex. EJK

Jabidah massacre, Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)

MINDANAO CONFLICT:

1968: Phil Gov’t executed a number of mutinying Muslim recruits — known as this, which led to Moro students founding ____ ____ ____ ____ in 1969 with Nur Misuari as leader

1971

MINDANAO CONFLICT:

 in _____, MNLF began fierce armed struggle for an independent Moro nation, or Bangsamoro and fought against both government forces and Christian militias

Tripoli Agreement

MINDANAO CONFLICT:

1976: with pressure from Muslim countries, FM signed the ________ and promised to create a semi autonomous Moro province but the agreement was almost immediately broken by the Marcos Government and rejected by a faction in the MNLF leadership, leading to renewed fighting

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

MINDANAO CONFLICT:

1989: establishment of the _____ with MNLF put in place as the effective local government of this region

Zamboanga Seige

MINDANAO CONFLICT:

September 2013: Misuari declared an independent Bangsmoro in Minadanao

Misuari led an attack on Zamboanga which killed more than 200 people. this was known as the ____ _____

Moro Islamic Liberation Front

MINDANAO CONFLICT:

the faction of MNLF who rejected the Tripoli Agreement;

in the 1980s, while MNLF were negotiating w/ the gov’t, this was formed

Rajah Solaiman Group (RSG) & Abu Say*af Group (ASG)

TERRORIST GROUPS:

well known for bombings and kidnappings, often targeting foreigners and government officials for ransom and/or for executing their hostages;

known for overt ties with regional and international Islamist groups like the Osama Bin Laden network

Maute Group

TERRORIST GROUPS:

____ Brothers”, under watch by the military since 2007 for coddling visiting

operatives of Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

• JI is a member of Al Qaeda, the world’s biggest terrorist network;

Omar Khayyam and Abdullah

TERRORIST GROUPS:

aka the Maute Brothers are the leaders of this terrorist group;

Both are believed to have been radicalized in the Middle East.

Marawi City

UNDER ARMED CONFLICT:

Dec 2016: Isnilon Hapilon, prince of ISIS in SouthEast Asia together with the Maute Brothers planned the attack on ____ ____ similar to ISIS attack of Mosul in 2014

clans and private armies

UNDER ARMED CONFLICT:
these received backing from the government, the AFP, local police, and factions of armed rebel groups for their support

• ex. Ampat*an clan (previously goverened Maguindanao and Datu Andal Sr. is accused of 57 murders)

political elites

UNDER ARMED CONFLICT:

often identified as members of a prominent political clan;

allegedly involved in diverse illegal activities like illegal drug trade, kidnap for

ransom

vigilante groups

UNDER ARMED CONFLICT:

can be traced back to Civilian Home Defense Forces (CHDF) used by the

government to combat the NPA;

a low-cost alternative to fight insurgent groups;

• ex. Alsa Masa, Alamara, Alsa Lumad, Ilaga, Kuratong Baleleng and Tadtad

vigilante groups

UNDER ARMED CONFLICT:

the presence of these groups has increased hostilities between Muslims and

non-Muslims and pose serious threat to democracy

HUKBALAHAP

UNDER ARMED CONFLICT (COMMUNIST INSURGENCY):

Phil. Communist Party led guerilla fighters against Japanese forces during WW2 and against the Phil. Gov’t in the 1950s

NPA

UNDER ARMED CONFLICT (COMMUNIST INSURGENCY):

Leftist guerillas resumed fighting in 80s under this new name;

serves as the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines.;

activities included mass extortion (revolutionary tax), raids on prisons and military

bases and assassinations;

also began to attack foreign business, particularly mining, depriving the gov’t of outside investment

2010 Manila bus hostage-taking

UNDER ARMED CONFLICT:

dismissed Police Captain Rolando Mendoza held hostage a bus full of Hongkong tourists and killed 8 of the tourists;

this attack brought infamy to the police and soured relations between Manila and Hong Kong

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

Impact of armed conflict on children & other sectors include recruitment of child soldiers, detention & kidnapping of children, violence & EJKs, human shields, and attack on education.

SARS-CoV-2

PANDEMIC:

COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the _______ virus;

it is among the deadliest diseases to have emerged in the modern world

SARS-CoV

PANDEMIC:

SARS-CoV-2 was named after this, which caused a deadly near pandemic in 2002-2003

horseshoe bats

PANDEMIC:

In 2007, scientists studying coronaviruses warned that “The presence of a large reservoir of SARS-CoV–like viruses in _____ _____ is a time bomb and that the possibility of the re-emergence of SARS and other novel viruses should not be ignored.”

Wuhan, China

PANDEMIC:

in December 2019, this became ground zero of the COVID-19 pandemic

March 11, 2020

PANDEMIC:

on this day, WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic

5-6 days

PANDEMIC:

On average it takes __-__ days from when someone is infected with the virus for symptoms to show, however it can take up to 14 days.

243, 4.94, 2.75, & 41,585

PANDEMIC:
As of October 23, 2021, approximately _____ million people have been infected and at least ______ million people have died of COVID-19 worldwide; while _____ million people have been infected and at least ______ have died of COVID-19 in the Philippines

1, 19, 2

PANDEMIC:

The United States currently ranks no. ____ among the countries with the most number of COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide. The Philippines currently ranks no. ____ worldwide and no. ___ in the ASEAN region in terms of number of COVID-19 cases and deaths

Metro Manila

PANDEMIC:

this ranks 1st in the number of COVID cases & deaths in the Philippines

114, 4.5, 10.4%

PANDEMIC:

In 2020, ____ million people lost their jobs globally.

About ____ million Filipinos have lost their jobs in 2020, with the unemployment rate at ____ which is the highest in 15 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown which shuttered thousands of businesses

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

The pandemic plunged the Philippine economy to its worst contraction since World War II, with gross domestic product (GDP) falling by 9.5% in 2020, while the country’s external debt climbs to Php 11.166 billion which is 23.3% higher than last year due to government’s borrowing to fund COVID-19 expenses.

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

The education sector is also among the most affected by the pandemic. In 2020, the education of more than 1.7 billion students in 188 countries were disrupted due to the closure of schools.

Rescue, Activate, Confine, Evacuate

4 things to due in case of a fire (RACE)

Stop, Drop, Roll

3 things to due if your clothes catch fire (SDR)