ch. 1 world and you

Bacteria

E. coli, S. aureus, B. anthracis, Lactobacillus acidophilus (probiotic)

Fungi (yeast and mold)

C. auris, S. cerevisiae

Protozoa

Plasmodium falciparum (malaria), T. cruzi (Chagas disease)

Algae

produce toxins that humans can consume (algal blooms)

Viruses (non-living

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, SARS-CoV-2, influenza A

microbiome

All the microorganisms in an environment

normal microbiota

The microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease; also called
normal flora

Transient microbiota

The microorganisms that are present in an animal for a short time without causing a disease

cell theory

All living organisms are composed of cells and arise from preexisting cells

spontaneous generation

the idea that life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter

biogenesis

The theory that living cells arise only from preexisting cells

aseptic techniques

Laboratory techniques used to minimize contamination

pasteurization

process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens

germ theory of disease

The principle that microorganisms cause disease

Koch’s postulates

criteria used to determine the causative agent of infectious diseases

vaccines

antigen preparation that induces artificially acquired active immunity, without producing disease

resistance

the ability to ward off diseases through innate and adaptive immunity

biofilm

A microbial community that usually forms as a slimy layer on a surface

emerging infectious diseases

new or changing disease that is increasing or has the potential to increase in incidence in the near future

chemotherapy

treatment of disease with chemical substances

antibiotics

antimicrobial agent, usually produced naturally by a bacterium or fungus