Week 1A: Nutrition, Chronic Diseases, & Health

What is nutriton

The interactions that occur between living organisims and their food

Why do living organisims consume food

For energy(calories) and it is a source of essential nutrients

What is the first law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only transfered from one form to another

How does the first law of thermodynamics relate to nutrition

Essential nutrients cannot be made by the body in sufficent quantities to meet biological needs

Where do we get energy from

Food

What are the basic building blocks of our body

• Amino acids

• Fatty acids

• minerals

  • vitamins

What is malnutrition

Poor or inadequare nutritionthat may result from insufficient or unbalanced intake of nutrients.

What is a risk factor for many chronic diseases

Malnutrition

What are chronic diseases

Noncommunicable diseases that develop slowly over a lifetime and need continous medical treatment

What does noncommunicable mean

It can’t be transfered from one person to another

The longer a person lives

the more likley they are to be diagnosed with a chronic disease

Are chronic diseases risk factors for each other

Yes, for example type 2 diabetes can cause obestity and vice versa

Stopping one harmful thing results in what

May result in a decreased risk of developing multiple chronic diseases

What are the big 3 macronutrients

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins (alcohol/ethanol).

What are the 3 big chronic diseases that are nutrition related

Heart disease,stroke and cancer

Are chronic diseases multifactorial

Yes

What is the main modifiable risk factor

Diet

What is the typical Canadian diet like in terms of chronic disease prevention

Sub-optimal

How many adults and children are overweight or obese

1/3 of children and 2/3 of adults

Which is more of a risk factor obesity or being overweight

obesity

How many adults have chronic diseases

1/5 of adults

Are chronic diseases showing up earlier

Yes especially in children

What is the #1 risk factor for chronic diseases

Diet

Eating good foods reduces the risk of what

• Heart disease

• Colorectal cancer

• Type 2 diabetes

How many Canadian eat enough fruits and vegetables

Only 1/3

How many canadians eat whole grains

1/6

Which has more nutrients proccesed or whole grains

Whole grains

How many candians eat plant based protein

Only 1/3

Excessive proccesed foods increases the risk of what

Heart disease and obestiy

How many of the calories we eat are proccesed

over 1/3

What percentage of our food budget do we spend on eating out vending machines resturants etc

30%

How is proccesed food made

With taste in mind not nutrition

Excessive sugary drinks leads to what

High risk of obesity,type 2 diabetes and cavities

How much of the sugar teens consume come from sugary drinks

1/3

What does excessive sodium lead to

High blood pressure,heart disease and stroke

Are most candians above or below the sodium thershold/normal range for sodium consumption

Most are above

How much sodium do msot eat a day

3,400mg which is doube the normal amount

Ideal diet

½ fruits and veggies ¼ protein ¼ carbs/whole grains

What do genes have to do with nutrition

 genes you inherit may give you a greater or lesser tendency to develop certain conditions

Do all diets work for all genes

No,some diets are more compatible with certain genes

What makes ATP

Carbs and Lipids

Do nutritional requirements change

Yes, the change across lifetime and differ between genders,groups and dietary patterns

Is the ideal diet always possible

No,due to economic,social,cultural or other factors