Apush unit 10

Red Scare (1919-1920)

The fear of potential Communist subversion in the U.S. after the Bolshevik Revolution, leading to bombings and restrictive immigration policies.

Sacco & Vanzetti

A case where two suspects were convicted of murder amid allegations of a miscarriage of justice influenced by racism; they were executed in 1927.

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

The first immigration act of the 1920s imposing national quotas at less than 3% of 1910 levels.

Immigration Act of 1924

Also known as the National Origins Act, it set national quotas at less than 2% of the 1890 volume and banned East Asians.

Prohibition (18th Amendment)

The legal prohibition of the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol, repealed in 1933.

Scopes Trial

A 1925 trial where teacher John Scopes was convicted for teaching evolution, showcasing a clash between modernity and traditional beliefs.

Modernism

An artistic and cultural response emphasizing change, uncertainty, and fragmentation, rejecting Victorian absolute truths.

Impact of the automobile

Revolutionized economic and social dynamics, increased geographic mobility, and changed home architecture due to widespread car ownership.

Charles Lindbergh

The first pilot to fly solo non-stop across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927, becoming a national celebrity.

Marcus Garvey

Leader of the UNIA who advocated for the resettlement of blacks in Africa and promoted self-reliance, deported in 1927.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural revival of Black arts and literature in Harlem during the 1920s, featuring key figures like Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston.

Stock speculation/buying 'on margin'

Purchasing stock by only paying a small percentage upfront, leading to large risks if the market declines.

Andrew Mellon

Secretary of the Treasury known for drastically reducing federal income tax rates to stimulate economic growth.

Washington Conference (1921)

An arms control conference that established ratios for naval tonnage among major powers.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

An agreement that aimed to outlaw war as a means of resolving international disputes, signed by 60 countries.

Teapot Dome scandal

A major corruption scandal involving the bribery of a U.S. cabinet member to allow oil drilling in a naval reserve.

Dawes Plan (1924)

A plan to stabilize the German economy by providing U.S. loans to meet reparations payments.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)

A tariff increase intended to protect American industries that worsened the Great Depression by triggering trade wars.

Stock market crash (1929)

The drastic decline in stock prices marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Bonus Army March (1932)

A protest by WWI veterans seeking early payment of bonuses, violently dispersed by the military.

Good Neighbor policy

A diplomatic approach promoting better relations with Latin America.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. President (1933-1945) known for the New Deal and leading the nation through the Great Depression and WWII.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A program established to provide loans to businesses to stimulate economic recovery during the Great Depression.

New Deal Coalition

A political alliance formed in 1932 that transformed the Democratic Party's base.

The 100 days

A period of unprecedented legislative activity early in FDR's presidency aimed at addressing the Great Depression.

Bank Holiday

FDR's decision to close all banks for a week, allowing only financially sound banks to reopen, restoring public trust.

Civilian Conservation Corps

A New Deal program providing jobs for young men in environmental projects.

Dust Bowl

A severe ecological disaster in the Great Plains during the 1930s caused by drought and poor farming practices.

The Grapes of Wrath

A novel by John Steinbeck depicting the struggles of Dust Bowl migrants in search of a better life in California.

Court-packing scheme

FDR's failed attempt to add justices to the Supreme Court to ensure support for his New Deal programs.

Huey Long

A populist Louisiana senator advocating for wealth redistribution during the Great Depression.

John Maynard Keynes

An economist advocating for government deficit spending to stimulate economic recovery during the Great Depression.

Wagner Act (1935)

A law promoting labor rights and collective bargaining for workers.

Recession of 1937

A significant economic downturn during the Roosevelt administration that led to increased unemployment.

London Economic Conference

A 1934 meeting aimed at addressing the Great Depression where the U.S. delegation left early, emphasizing isolationism.