BIO1200-Ch. 12

What are the two types of connective tissue that make up the skeletal system?

Bone and Cartilage.

What is the function of ligaments?

Ligaments connect bones at joints.

What do tendons connect?

Tendons connect muscle to bones.

What are the primary functions of the skeleton?

Supports the body, enables movement, provides protection, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat.

What does the diaphysis of a long bone refer to?

The shaft of the bone.

What type of bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity of a long bone?

Yellow bone marrow.

What is the purpose of the epiphyseal plate?

It allows for bone growth.

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Compact bone and spongy bone.

What is the function of osteocytes?

Osteocytes are bone cells that lie in lacunae.

What is the primary component of cartilage?

Collagen and elastic fibers.

What type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones?

Hyaline cartilage.

What are the three types of cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

The skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Which bone is the only movable bone in the skull?

The mandible.

What is the purpose of sinuses in the skull?

Reduce the weight of the skull and give a resonant sound to the voice.

What is the hyoid bone known for?

It is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone.

What causes scoliosis?

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine.

What is the largest vertebra in the spinal column?

The lumbar vertebrae.

What protects the heart and lungs?

The rib cage.

How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body?

12 pairs.

What are the true ribs?

Ribs 1 to 7 that connect directly to the sternum.

What is the pelvic girdle made of?

Two coxal bones (hip bones).

What is a unique feature of the femur?

It is the longest and strongest bone in the body.

What bone forms the heel?

Calcaneus.

What is the role of Vitamin D in bone health?

Necessary for the absorption of calcium from food.

What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?

Stimulates osteoclasts to dissolve bone and increases blood calcium levels.

What effect does estrogen have on bone cells?

Increases the number of osteoblasts.

What types of marrow are found in bones?

Yellow and red bone marrow.

What is the role of red bone marrow?

Site of blood cell production.